Investments

What are investments?

Investments are something you buy or put your money into to get a profitable return. There are four main types of investment, known as ‘asset classes’:

Shares or Equities – purchasing a stake in a company usually in return for regular payments called dividends.
Cash – savings you would ordinarily deposit with a bank or building society account in return for a regular interest payment.
Property – investing in a physical building, whether commercial or residential.
Fixed interest securities (also called bonds) - you loan your money to a company or government in return for a guaranteed rate at the end of an agreed term.

There are other types of investments available too, including:

Foreign currency
Collectibles, such as art and antiques
Commodities like oil, coffee, corn, rubber or gold
Contracts for difference, where you bet on shares gaining or losing value

The various assets owned by an investor make up an investment portfolio. As a general rule, spreading your money between the different types of asset classes helps lower the risk of your overall portfolio underperforming – this is called diversification.

Returns

With an instant access cash account, you can withdraw money whenever you like, and it’s generally considered a secure investment. The same money put into fixed interest securities, shares or property is likely to rise and fall in value but increase more over the longer term, although each is likely to grow by different amounts.

Returns are the profit you earn from your investments.

Depending on where you put your money it could be paid in several different ways:

Dividends (from shares)
Rent (from properties)
Interest (from cash deposits and fixed interest securities).
The difference between the price you pay and the price you sell for – capital gains or losses.

How fees reduce investment returns

Managing investments takes time and money and service providers will charge a fee. This cost can eat into the returns you’ll receive and it’s something you should ask about before you invest.

Protect yourself

Avoid unsolicited investment offers. Before investing check the FCA register and warning list. If you’re considering an investment offer, seek impartial advice.

Types of investment products

You can choose to invest directly in investments such as shares, but a more popular way to invest is indirectly through an investment fund. There are many ways to access investment funds, for example through products such as an ISA or your workplace pension. The table below briefly describes the most popular ways to invest your money.

Direct Investments	Description
Shares	Shares offer you a way of owning a direct stake in a company - also known as equities. Their value rises and falls in line with a number of factors which might include the company’s performance or outlook, investor sentiment, and general market conditions.
Investment funds (indirect)
Unit trusts and open-ended investment companies (OEICs)	Funds managed by a professional investment manager. There are lots of different strategies and risk levels to choose from and they can invest in one or more different asset classes.
Investment trusts	Investment trusts are companies quoted on the stock exchange whose business is managing an investment fund, investing in shares and/or other types of investment. You invest in the fund by buying and selling shares in the investment trust either directly or through the products listed in the next table. Once again, there are lots of different strategies and risk levels to choose from.
Insurance company funds	Investment funds run by life insurance companies. When you invest through an insurance or pension product (see table below), you often choose how your money is invested. The choice might be from the insurance company’s own funds or into investment funds equivalent to those run by other managers.
Tracker funds	Some investment funds adopt a ‘tracker’ strategy. The value of the fund increases or decreases in line with a stock-market index (a measure of how well the stock market is doing). Tracker funds often have lower charges than other types of fund.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)	These are a special type of investment trust that invests in property. Similar OEICs are called property authorised investment funds (PAIFs).
Investment products (indirect
Stocks and Shares ISA	A tax-free way of investing in shares or investment funds, up to an annual limit. Many unit trusts and OEICs come pre-packaged as ISAs. Alternatively, you can choose for yourself which investments and funds to put in your ISA.
Investment Bonds	A life insurance contract that is also an investment vehicle. You invest for a set term or until you die.
Endowment Policy	A life insurance policy that is also an investment vehicle. It aims to give you a lump sum at the end of a fixed term. Often you choose which investment funds to have in your policy.

A note on fees

Fees and charges can reduce your investment earnings. When you invest directly, you usually pay dealing charges. Fees vary by fund, product and provider and won’t always be easy to spot. The Key Investor Information Document (KIID) saw the Ongoing Charges Figure (OCF) replace the Total Expense Ratio (TER). In general, the OCF is the same as the TER, but makes it clearer to investors that it covers charges that are applied on an ongoing basis and not just the total costs.

Diversification – spreading your money between different kinds of investments (called ‘asset classes’) and different kinds of investment product – helps reduce the risk of your overall investments (referred to as your ‘portfolio’) under-performing or losing money.

The content of this article does not constitute individual financial advice.

What are investments?

Investments are something you buy or put your money into to get a profitable return. There are four main types of investment, known as ‘asset classes’:

Shares or Equities – purchasing a stake in a company usually in return for regular payments called dividends.
Cash – savings you would ordinarily deposit with a bank or building society account in return for a regular interest payment.
Property – investing in a physical building, whether commercial or residential.
Fixed interest securities (also called bonds) - you loan your money to a company or government in return for a guaranteed rate at the end of an agreed term.

There are other types of investments available too, including:

Foreign currency
Collectibles, such as art and antiques
Commodities like oil, coffee, corn, rubber or gold
Contracts for difference, where you bet on shares gaining or losing value

The various assets owned by an investor make up an investment portfolio. As a general rule, spreading your money between the different types of asset classes helps lower the risk of your overall portfolio underperforming – this is called diversification.

Returns

With an instant access cash account, you can withdraw money whenever you like, and it’s generally considered a secure investment. The same money put into fixed interest securities, shares or property is likely to rise and fall in value but increase more over the longer term, although each is likely to grow by different amounts.

Returns are the profit you earn from your investments.

Depending on where you put your money it could be paid in several different ways:

Dividends (from shares)
Rent (from properties)
Interest (from cash deposits and fixed interest securities).
The difference between the price you pay and the price you sell for – capital gains or losses.

How fees reduce investment returns

Managing investments takes time and money and service providers will charge a fee. This cost can eat into the returns you’ll receive and it’s something you should ask about before you invest.

Protect yourself

Avoid unsolicited investment offers. If you’re considering an investment offer, seek impartial advice.

Types of investment products

You can choose to invest directly in investments such as shares, but a more popular way to invest is indirectly through an investment fund. There are many ways to access investment funds, for example through your workplace pension. The table below briefly describes the most popular ways to invest your money.

Direct Investments

Description

Shares

Shares offer you a way of owning a direct stake in a company - also known as equities. Their value rises and falls in line with a number of factors which might include the company’s performance or outlook, investor sentiment, and general market conditions.

Investment funds (indirect)

Unit trusts and open-ended investment companies (OEICs)

Funds managed by a professional investment manager. There are lots of different strategies and risk levels to choose from and they can invest in one or more different asset classes.

Investment trusts

Investment trusts are companies quoted on the stock exchange whose business is managing an investment fund, investing in shares and/or other types of investment. You invest in the fund by buying and selling shares in the investment trust either directly or through the products listed in the next table. Once again, there are lots of different strategies and risk levels to choose from.

Insurance company funds

Investment funds run by life insurance companies. When you invest through an insurance or pension product (see table below), you often choose how your money is invested. The choice might be from the insurance company’s own funds or into investment funds equivalent to those run by other managers.

Tracker funds

Some investment funds adopt a ‘tracker’ strategy. The value of the fund increases or decreases in line with a stock-market index (a measure of how well the stock market is doing). Tracker funds often have lower charges than other types of fund.

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)

These are a special type of investment trust that invests in property.

Investment products (indirect

Stocks and Shares

Some employer’s offer a tax-free way of investing in shares or investment funds, up to an annual limit.

Investment Bonds

A life insurance contract that is also an investment vehicle. You invest for a set term or until you die.

Endowment Policy

A life insurance policy that is also an investment vehicle. It aims to give you a lump sum at the end of a fixed term. Often you choose which investment funds to have in your policy.

Whole of Life Policy

A way of investing a regular amount or a lump sum as life insurance. It pays out on death and is often used for estate planning. Often you choose which investment funds to have in your policy.

A note on fees

Fees and charges can reduce your investment earnings. When you invest directly, you usually pay dealing charges. Fees vary by fund, product and provider and won’t always be easy to spot.

Diversification – spreading your money between different kinds of investments (called ‘asset classes’) and different kinds of investment product – helps reduce the risk of your overall investments (referred to as your ‘portfolio’) under-performing or losing money.

The information does not take into account the specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs of any particular person who may be in receipt of the materials. Accordingly, it should not be relied on or treated as a substitute for specific advice concerning individual situations. Please seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs before you make a commitment to purchase an investment product. You are also recommended to obtain such other professional advice where appropriate. The information is provided in good faith and believed to be accurate as of the time of compilation. We do not undertake an obligation to update the materials or to correct any inaccuracy that may become apparent at a later time. You should always consult primary or more accurate or more up-to-date sources of information.

The Importance of Investing

Congratulations! You’ve saved your hard-earned money! When thinking about what to do with this money, are you then afraid of losing it? Is this what you’re thinking when trying to decide what to do with your savings and investing in say the stock market? As individuals we are loss averse and losing our money is the biggest fear for all investors.

When it comes to investing your cash, there are several asset classes. An asset class is a type of investment, with the most common being cash, fixed interest, shares (or equities), property and alternatives. Within each of these asset classes you can invest either within your local market or internationally.

Each asset class has a different level of risk and return. Typically, the higher level of risk, the greater your return should be and this will depend on what you are investing in with each asset class and the associated time horizon for the particular investment.

Cash

Leaving your money in cash and/or investing in cash’s equivalent such as term deposits will provide you with a stable, low risk regular income in the form of interest payments. Cash is considered a defensive asset and would usually be held for a short time period, excluding any emergency cash reserves.

Fixed Interest

Fixed interest investments come in many forms including government and corporate bonds, Treasury notes, debentures, fixed interest trusts, bank bills etc. Fixed interest investments pay you a regular interest payment over a fixed term. The interest rate and level of risk will vary depending on the type of fixed interest investment. Fixed interest is considered a defensive asset and has a one to three-year investment time frame.

Equities (Shares)

Investing in equities gives you part ownership in a company and the right to receive a portion of the profits, commonly referred to as dividends. Returns will usually include capital growth (or loss), and income through dividends. Investing in international shares introduces currency risk. As the value of shares can go up or down and are reported on a daily basis, they are considered to be riskier than cash or fixed interest. Shares are considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold shares for at least five to seven years.

Property

You can invest in property either via directly purchasing or via property securities and Real Estate Investment Trusts, which are shares in property investments. Sectors include commercial, retail, hotel and industrial property. You can invest in both Local and International property. Property is considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold them for at least five to seven years.

Another asset class to consider is the alternative investments which can cover a wide range of investment opportunities. The major categories include private equity, hedge funds, infrastructure, emerging markets, gold and other commodities, materials and Agribusiness (Agricultural Investments). An investment is usually considered alternative if it has a relatively limited investment history, has clearly differentiated features from any traditional asset class, requires specialist skills to manage and is typically not common in investment portfolios. Depending on the specific asset, alternatives can be considered either a growth or defensive asset.

When investing the only free lunch is diversification! Diversification helps to reduce risk by spreading your investments across a range of asset classes. Diversification is basically avoiding putting all your eggs in one basket.

Diversification can reduce the volatility of your portfolio (the value going up and down). It aims to manage the returns on your portfolio over the medium to long term.

Another smart investing technique to manage market volatility is where investors utilise a ‘dollar-cost-averaging’ strategy (investing equal amounts into their portfolios on a monthly basis) actually take advantage of excellent buying opportunities that are presented during periods of volatility. Such strategies passively add value to client’s portfolios and prove very beneficial when markets recover. In any case, if investors hold their investment to their intended timeframe they won’t have any reason to fear market volatility.

Disclaimer: The information is brought to you by Aon Singapore Pte Ltd, registration number 198301525W. Aon Singapore Pte Ltd is a registered insurance broker and exempt financial adviser regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. The information does not take into account the specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs of any particular person who may be in receipt of the materials. Accordingly, it should not be relied on or treated as a substitute for specific advice concerning individual situations. Please seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs before you make a commitment to purchase an investment product. You are also recommended to obtain such other professional advice where appropriate. The information is provided in good faith and believed to be accurate as of the time of compilation. We do not undertake an obligation to update the materials or to correct any inaccuracy that may become apparent at a later time. You should always consult primary or more accurate or more up-to-date sources of information.

Congratulations! You’ve saved your hard-earned money! When thinking about what to do with this money, are you afraid of losing it? Is this what you’re thinking when trying to decide what to do with your savings and investing in say the stock market? As individuals we are loss averse and losing our money is the biggest fear for all investors.

When it comes to investing your cash, there are several asset classes. An asset class is a type of investment, with the most common being cash, fixed interest, shares (or equities), property and alternatives. Within each of these asset classes you can invest either within your local market or internationally.

Each asset class has a different level of risk and return. Typically, the higher level of risk, the greater your return should be. This will depend on what you are investing in with each asset class and the associated time horizon for the particular investment.

Cash

Leaving your money in cash and/or investing in cash equivalent such as term deposits will provide you with a stable, low risk regular income in the form of interest payments. Cash is considered a defensive asset and would usually be held for a short time period, excluding any emergency cash reserves.

Fixed Interest

Fixed interest investments come in many forms including government and corporate bonds, Treasury notes, debentures, fixed interest trusts, bank bills etc. Fixed interest investments pay you a regular interest payment over a fixed term. The interest rate and level of risk will vary depending on the type of fixed interest investment. Fixed interest is considered a defensive asset and has a one to three-year investment time frame.

Equities (Shares)

Investing in equities gives you part ownership in a company and the right to receive a portion of the profits, commonly referred to as dividends. Returns will usually include capital growth (or loss), and income through dividends. Investing in international shares introduces currency risk. As the value of shares can go up or down and are reported on a daily basis, they are considered to be riskier than cash or fixed interest. Shares are considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold shares for at least five to seven years.

Property

You can invest in property either via directly purchasing or via property securities and Real Estate Investment Trusts which are shares in property investments. Sectors include commercial, retail, hotel and industrial property. You can invest in both Local and International property. Property is considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold them for at least five to seven years.

Another asset class to consider is the alternative investments which can cover a wide range of investment opportunities. The major categories include private equity, hedge funds, infrastructure, emerging markets, gold and other commodities, materials and Agribusiness (Agricultural Investments). An investment is usually considered alternative if it has a relatively limited investment history, has clearly differentiated features from any traditional asset class, requires specialist skills to manage and is typically not common in investment portfolios. Depending on the specific asset, alternatives can be considered either a growth or defensive asset.

When investing the only free lunch is diversification! Diversification helps to reduce risk by spreading your investments across a range of asset classes. Diversification is basically avoiding putting all your eggs in one basket.

Diversification can reduce the volatility of your portfolio (the value going up and down). It aims to manage the returns on your portfolio over the medium to long term.

Disclaimer: The information is brought to you by Aon Hong Kong Limited. The information does not take into account the specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs of any particular person who may be in receipt of the materials. Accordingly, it should not be relied on or treated as a substitute for specific advice concerning individual situations. Please seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs before you make a commitment to purchase an investment product. You are also recommended to obtain such other professional advice where appropriate. The information is provided in good faith and believed to be accurate as of the time of compilation. We do not undertake an obligation to update the materials or to correct any inaccuracy that may become apparent later. You should always consult primary or more accurate or more up-to-date sources of information.

The Importance of Investing

Congratulations! You’ve saved your hard-earned money! And of course, we are all afraid of losing what we worked hard for. The question now is what do you do with that money? Should you just keep it as savings? We all want to make our savings grow by investing it but how do we do that? Where should we invest? What are the risks we are getting into? Are these the same things that you’re thinking when trying to decide what to do with your savings and investing in say the stock market? Or maybe putting some of it on a business franchise? As much as we want to invest and make our money grow, as individuals we are loss averse and losing our money is the biggest fear for all investors.

When it comes to investing your cash, there are several investment options for you to choose from among different types of asset classes. An asset class is a type of investment. It includes cash, which is the most common, fixed interest, shares (or equities), property, and alternatives. Within each of these asset classes you can invest either within your local market or internationally. One easy and good way to learn about these different classes is to visit your bank and ask about the investment options that they have, especially for the first three.

Each asset class has a different level of risk and return. As the saying goes, “high risk, high returns”. Typically, the higher level of risk, the greater your return should be, and this will depend on what you are investing in with each asset class and the associated time horizon for that particular investment.

Cash

Leaving your money in cash and/or investing in cash’s equivalent such as term deposits will provide you with a stable, low risk regular income in the form of interest payments. Cash is considered a defensive asset and would usually be held for a short time period, excluding any emergency cash reserves. An example of this are your time deposits and special savings accounts which have higher interest rates.

Fixed Interest

Fixed interest investments come in many forms including government and corporate bonds, Treasury notes, debentures, fixed interest trusts, bank bills etc. Fixed interest investments pay you a regular interest payment over a fixed term. The interest rate and level of risk will vary depending on the type of fixed interest investment. Fixed interest is considered a defensive asset and has a one to three-year investment time frame. If you want to play it relatively safer, do not need to have liquid cash, and do not plan to use your savings anytime in the next few years, then this type of asset class may be the one for you.

Equities (Shares)

Investing in equities gives you part ownership in a company and the right to receive a portion of the profits, commonly referred to as dividends. Returns will usually include capital growth (or loss), and income through dividends. Investing in international shares introduces currency risk. As the value of shares can go up or down and are reported daily basis, they are considered to be riskier than cash or fixed interest. Shares are considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold shares for at least five to seven years. This asset class is more for those who want to take a little more risk but with the possibility of earning more (but losing more too!). Managing your equities investment may require you to be more active in monitoring what is happening with the market and your money especially if you are doing this on your own without the help of a financial manager or financial institution.

Property

You can invest in property either via directly purchasing or via property securities and real estate investment trusts or REITs, which are shares in property investments. Sectors include commercial, retail, hotel and industrial property. You can invest in both Local and International property. Property is considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold them for at least five to seven years.

Another asset class to consider is the alternative investments which can cover a wide range of investment opportunities. The major categories include private equity, hedge funds, infrastructure, emerging markets, gold and other commodities, materials and Agribusiness (Agricultural Investments). An investment is usually considered alternative if it has a relatively limited investment history, has clearly differentiated features from any traditional asset class, requires specialist skills to manage and is typically not common in investment portfolios. Depending on the specific asset, alternatives can be considered either a growth or defensive asset.

When investing the only free lunch is diversification! Diversification helps to reduce risk by spreading your investments across a range of asset classes. Diversification is basically avoiding putting all your eggs in one basket.

Diversification can reduce the volatility of your portfolio (the value going up and down). It aims to manage the returns on your portfolio over the medium to long term.

Another smart investing technique to manage market volatility is where investors utilise a ‘dollar-cost-averaging’ strategy (investing equal amounts into their portfolios monthly). This takes advantage of excellent buying opportunities that are presented during periods of volatility. Such strategies passively add value to client’s portfolios and prove very beneficial when markets recover. In any case, if investors hold their investment to their intended timeframe they won’t have any reason to fear market volatility.

Disclaimer: The information is brought to you by Aon Insurance & Reinsurance Brokers Philippines Inc., registration number 96590. The information does not take into account the specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs of any particular person who may be in receipt of the materials. Accordingly, it should not be relied on or treated as a substitute for specific advice concerning individual situations. Please seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs before you make a commitment to purchase an investment product. You are also recommended to obtain such other professional advice where appropriate. The information is provided in good faith and believed to be accurate as of the time of compilation. We do not undertake an obligation to update the materials or to correct any inaccuracy that may become apparent at a later time. You should always consult primary or more accurate or more up-to-date sources of information.

The Importance of Investing

Congratulations! You’ve saved your hard-earned money! When thinking about what to do with this money, are you then afraid of losing it? Is this what you’re thinking when trying to decide what to do with your savings and investing in say the stock market? As individuals we are loss averse and losing our money is the biggest fear for all investors.

When it comes to investing your cash, there are several asset classes. An asset class is a type of investment, with the most common being cash, fixed interest, shares (or equities), property and alternatives. Within each of these asset classes you can invest either within your local market or internationally.

Each asset class has a different level of risk and return. Typically, the higher level of risk, the greater your return should be, and this will depend on what you are investing in with each asset class and the associated time horizon for the particular investment.

Cash

Leaving your money in cash and/or investing in cash’s equivalent such as term deposits will provide you with a stable, low risk regular income in the form of interest payments. Cash is considered a defensive asset and would usually be held for a short time period, excluding any emergency cash reserves.

Fixed Interest

Fixed interest investments come in many forms including government and corporate bonds, Treasury notes, debentures, fixed interest trusts, bank bills etc. Fixed interest investments pay you a regular interest payment over a fixed term. The interest rate and level of risk will vary depending on the type of fixed interest investment. Fixed interest is considered a defensive asset and has a one to three-year investment time frame.

Equities (Shares)

Investing in equities gives you part ownership in a company and the right to receive a portion of the profits, commonly referred to as dividends. Returns will usually include capital growth (or loss), and income through dividends. Investing in international shares introduces currency risk. As the value of shares can go up or down and are reported on a daily basis, they are considered to be riskier than cash or fixed interest. Shares are considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold shares for at least five to seven years.

Property

You can invest in property either via directly purchasing or via property securities and Real Estate Investment Trust’s which are shares in property investments. Sectors include commercial, retail, hotel and industrial property. You can invest in both Local and International property. Property is considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold them for at least five to seven years.

Another asset class to consider is the alternative investments which can cover a wide range of investment opportunities. The major categories include private equity, hedge funds, infrastructure, emerging markets, gold and other commodities, materials and Agribusiness (Agricultural Investments). An investment is usually considered alternative if it has a relatively limited investment history, has clearly differentiated features from any traditional asset class, requires specialist skills to manage and is typically not common in investment portfolios. Depending on the specific asset, alternatives can be considered either a growth or defensive asset.

When investing the only free lunch is diversification! Diversification helps to reduce risk by spreading your investments across a range of asset classes. Diversification is basically avoiding putting all your eggs in one basket.

Diversification can reduce the volatility of your portfolio (the value going up and down). It aims to manage the returns on your portfolio over the medium to long term.

Another smart investing technique to manage market volatility is where investors utilise a ‘dollar-cost-averaging’ strategy (investing equal amounts into their portfolios on a monthly basis) actually take advantage of excellent buying opportunities that are presented during periods of volatility. Such strategies passively add value to client’s portfolios and prove very beneficial when markets recover. In any case, if investors hold their investment to their intended timeframe they won’t have any reason to fear market volatility.

Disclaimer: The information is brought to you by Aon Hewitt Consulting (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. registration number 310000400102466. The information does not take into account the specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs of any particular person who may be in receipt of the materials. Accordingly, it should not be relied on or treated as a substitute for specific advice concerning individual situations. Please seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs before you make a commitment to purchase an investment product. You are also recommended to obtain such other professional advice where appropriate. The information is provided in good faith and believed to be accurate as of the time of compilation. We do not undertake an obligation to update the materials or to correct any inaccuracy that may become apparent at a later time. You should always consult primary or more accurate or more up-to-date sources of information.

The Importance of Investing

Congratulations! You’ve saved your hard-earned money! When thinking about what to do with this money, are you then afraid of losing it? Is this what you’re thinking when trying to decide what to do with your savings and investing in say the stock market? As individuals we are loss averse and losing our money is the biggest fear for all investors.

When it comes to investing your cash, there are several asset classes. An asset class is a type of investment, with the most common being cash, fixed interest, shares (or equities), property and alternatives. Within each of these asset classes you can invest either within your local market or internationally.

Each asset class has a different level of risk and return. Typically, the higher level of risk, the greater your return should be, and this will depend on what you are investing in with each asset class and the associated time horizon for the particular investment.

Cash

Leaving your money in cash and/or investing in cash’s equivalent such as term deposits will provide you with a stable, low risk regular income in the form of interest payments. Cash is considered a defensive asset and would usually be held for a short time period, excluding any emergency cash reserves.

Fixed Interest

Fixed interest investments come in many forms including government and corporate bonds, Treasury notes, debentures, fixed interest trusts, bank bills etc. Fixed interest investments pay you a regular interest payment over a fixed term. The interest rate and level of risk will vary depending on the type of fixed interest investment. Fixed interest is considered a defensive asset and has a one to three-year investment time frame.

Equities (Shares)

Investing in equities gives you part ownership in a company and the right to receive a portion of the profits, commonly referred to as dividends. Returns will usually include capital growth (or loss), and income through dividends. Investing in international shares introduces currency risk. As the value of shares can go up or down and are reported on a daily basis, they are considered to be riskier than cash or fixed interest. Shares are considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold shares for at least five to seven years.

Property

You can invest in property either via directly purchasing or via property securities and Real Estate Investment Trust’s which are shares in property investments. Sectors include commercial, retail, hotel and industrial property. You can invest in both Local and International property. Property is considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold them for at least five to seven years.

Another asset class to consider is the alternative investments which can cover a wide range of investment opportunities. The major categories include private equity, hedge funds, infrastructure, emerging markets, gold and other commodities, materials and Agribusiness (Agricultural Investments). An investment is usually considered alternative if it has a relatively limited investment history, has clearly differentiated features from any traditional asset class, requires specialist skills to manage and is typically not common in investment portfolios. Depending on the specific asset, alternatives can be considered either a growth or defensive asset.

When investing the only free lunch is diversification! Diversification helps to reduce risk by spreading your investments across a range of asset classes. Diversification is basically avoiding putting all your eggs in one basket.

Diversification can reduce the volatility of your portfolio (the value going up and down). It aims to manage the returns on your portfolio over the medium to long term.

Another smart investing technique to manage market volatility is where investors utilise a ‘dollar-cost-averaging’ strategy (investing equal amounts into their portfolios on a monthly basis) actually take advantage of excellent buying opportunities that are presented during periods of volatility. Such strategies passively add value to client’s portfolios and prove very beneficial when markets recover. In any case, if investors hold their investment to their intended timeframe they won’t have any reason to fear market volatility.

Disclaimer: The information is brought to you by Aon Hewitt Consulting (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. registration number 310000400102466. The information does not take into account the specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs of any particular person who may be in receipt of the materials. Accordingly, it should not be relied on or treated as a substitute for specific advice concerning individual situations. Please seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs before you make a commitment to purchase an investment product. You are also recommended to obtain such other professional advice where appropriate. The information is provided in good faith and believed to be accurate as of the time of compilation. We do not undertake an obligation to update the materials or to correct any inaccuracy that may become apparent at a later time. You should always consult primary or more accurate or more up-to-date sources of information.

What are investments?

Investments are something you buy or put your money into to get a profitable return. There are four main types of investment, known as ‘asset classes’:

Shares or Equities – purchasing a stake in a company usually in return for regular payments called dividends.
Cash – savings you would ordinarily deposit with a bank or building society account in return for a regular interest payment.
Property – investing in a physical building, whether commercial or residential.
Fixed interest securities (also called bonds) - you loan your money to a company or government in return for a guaranteed rate at the end of an agreed term.

There are other types of investments available too, including:

Foreign currency
Collectibles, such as art and antiques
Commodities like oil, coffee, corn, rubber or gold
Contracts for difference, where you bet on shares gaining or losing value

Cash

Leaving your money in cash and/or investing in cash’s equivalent such as term deposits will provide you with a stable, low risk regular income in the form of interest payments. Cash is considered a defensive asset and would usually be held for a short time period, excluding any emergency cash reserves.

Fixed Interest

Fixed interest investments come in many forms including government and corporate bonds, Treasury notes, debentures, fixed interest trusts, bank bills etc. Fixed interest investments pay you a regular interest payment over a fixed term. The interest rate and level of risk will vary depending on the type of fixed interest investment. Fixed interest is considered a defensive asset and has a one to three-year investment time frame.

Equities (Shares)

Investing in equities gives you part ownership in a company and the right to receive a portion of the profits, commonly referred to as dividends. Returns will usually include capital growth (or loss), and income through dividends. Investing in international shares introduces currency risk. As the value of shares can go up or down and are reported daily, they are considered to be riskier than cash or fixed interest. Shares are considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold shares for at least five to seven years.

Property

You can invest in property either via directly purchasing or via property securities and Real Estate Investment Trusts, which are shares in property investments. Sectors include commercial, retail, hotel and industrial property. You can invest in both Local and International property. Property is considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold them for at least five to seven years.

Alternative investments

Another asset class to consider is the which can cover a wide range of investment opportunities. The major categories include private equity, hedge funds, infrastructure, emerging markets, gold and other commodities, materials and Agribusiness (Agricultural Investments). An investment is usually considered alternative if it has a relatively limited investment history, has clearly differentiated features from any traditional asset class, requires specialist skills to manage and is typically not common in investment portfolios. Depending on the specific asset, alternatives can be considered either a growth or defensive asset.

The various assets owned by an investor make up an investment portfolio. As a general rule, spreading your money between the different types of asset classes helps lower the risk of your overall portfolio underperforming – this is called diversification.

Diversification can reduce the volatility of your portfolio (the value going up and down). It aims to manage the returns on your portfolio over the medium to long term.

Another smart investing technique to manage market volatility is where investors utilise a ‘dollar-cost-averaging’ strategy (investing equal amounts into their portfolios on a monthly basis) actually take advantage of excellent buying opportunities that are presented during periods of volatility. Such strategies passively add value to client’s portfolios and prove very beneficial when markets recover. In any case, if investors hold their investment to their intended timeframe they won’t have any reason to fear market volatility.

Returns

With an instant access cash account, you can withdraw money whenever you like, and it’s generally considered a secure investment. The same money put into fixed interest securities, shares or property is likely to rise and fall in value but increase more over the longer term, although each is likely to grow by different amounts.

Returns are the profit you earn from your investments.

Depending on where you put your money it could be paid in several different ways:

Dividends (from shares)
Rent (from properties)
Interest (from cash deposits and fixed interest securities).
The difference between the price you pay and the price you sell for – capital gains or losses.

How fees reduce investment returns

Managing investments takes time and money and service providers will charge a fee. This cost can eat into the returns you’ll receive and it’s something you should ask about before you invest.

Protect yourself

Avoid unsolicited investment offers. Before investing check. If you’re considering an investment offer, seek impartial advice.

What are investments?

Investments are something you buy or put your money into to get a profitable return. There are four main types of investment, known as ‘asset classes’:

Shares or Equities – purchasing a stake in a company usually in return for regular payments called dividends.
Cash – savings you would ordinarily deposit with a bank in return for a regular interest payment.
Property – investing in a physical building, whether commercial or residential.
Fixed interest securities (also called bonds) - you loan your money to a company or government in return for a guaranteed rate at the end of an agreed term.

There are other types of investments available too, including:

Foreign currency
Collectibles, such as art and antiques
Commodities like Gold, oil, coffee, corn, rubber or gold
Contracts for difference, where you bet on shares gaining or losing value

Cash

Leaving your money in cash and/or investing in cash’s equivalent such as term deposits will provide you with a stable, low risk regular income in the form of interest payments. Cash is considered a defensive asset and would usually be held for a short time period, excluding any emergency cash reserves.

Fixed Interest

Fixed interest investments come in many forms including government and corporate bonds, Treasury notes, debentures, fixed interest trusts, bank bills etc. Fixed interest investments pay you a regular interest payment over a fixed term. The interest rate and level of risk will vary depending on the type of fixed interest investment. Fixed interest is considered a defensive asset and has a one to three-year investment time frame.

Equities (Shares)

Investing in equities gives you part ownership in a company and the right to receive a portion of the profits, commonly referred to as dividends. Returns will usually include capital growth (or loss), and income through dividends. Investing in international shares introduces currency risk. As the value of shares can go up or down and are reported daily, they are considered to be riskier than cash or fixed interest. Shares are considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold shares for at least five to seven years. Investing in equities through mutual funds is also part of this category of investments.

Property

You can invest in property either via directly purchasing or via property securities and Real Estate Investment Trusts, which are shares in property investments. Sectors include commercial, retail, hotel and industrial property. You can invest in both Local and International property. Property is considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold them for at least five to seven years.

Alternative investments

Another asset class to consider is the which can cover a wide range of investment opportunities. The major categories include private equity, hedge funds, infrastructure, emerging markets, gold and other commodities, materials and Agribusiness (Agricultural Investments). An investment is usually considered alternative if it has a relatively limited investment history, has clearly differentiated features from any traditional asset class, requires specialist skills to manage and is typically not common in investment portfolios. Depending on the specific asset, alternatives can be considered either a growth or defensive asset.

The various assets owned by an investor make up an investment portfolio. As a general rule, spreading your money between the different types of asset classes helps lower the risk of your overall portfolio underperforming – this is called diversification.

Diversification can reduce the volatility of your portfolio (the value going up and down). It aims to manage the returns on your portfolio over the medium to long term.

Another smart investing technique to manage market volatility is where investors utilise a ‘dollar-cost-averaging’ strategy (investing equal amounts into their portfolios on a monthly basis) actually take advantage of excellent buying opportunities that are presented during periods of volatility. Such strategies passively add value to client’s portfolios and prove very beneficial when markets recover. In any case, if investors hold their investment to their intended timeframe they won’t have any reason to fear market volatility.

Returns

With an instant access cash account, you can withdraw money whenever you like, and it’s generally considered a secure investment. The same money put into fixed interest securities, shares or property is likely to rise and fall in value but increase more over the longer term, although each is likely to grow by different amounts.

Returns are the profit you earn from your investments.

Depending on where you put your money it could be paid in several different ways:

Dividends (from shares)
Rent (from properties)
Interest (from cash deposits and fixed interest securities).
The difference between the price you pay and the price you sell for – capital gains or losses.

How fees reduce investment returns

Managing investments takes time and money and service providers will charge a fee. This cost can eat into the returns you’ll receive and it’s something you should ask about before you invest.

Protect yourself

Avoid unsolicited investment offers. Before investing check. If you’re considering an investment offer, seek impartial advice.

Author is not a financial advisor, tax professional or legal advisor. The article and its content is for informational purposes only, reader should not construe any such information or other material as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice. All information, data, strategies, reports, articles and all other features of this article are provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be considered or inferred as personalized investment advice. Article may contain errors, and the reader should not make any financial or investment decision based solely on what the reader reads in this article and writing. It shall be reader’s responsibility to perform its own due diligence, and reader must make its own decisions. Be advised and aware that financial and investment decisions involve risk. Author accept no liability whatsoever for any direct or consequential loss arising from any use of author’s writings, products, services, website, or other content, including contents of this article. Reader is responsible for its own investment research and decisions. Reader should seek the advice of a qualified investment advisor and fully understand any and all risks before investing or making any financial decision. Author make no representation that any reader will or is likely to experience results as cited in this article. All results of author’s recommendations are not based on actual investments by author and are based upon a hypothesis, available statistics and surveys which have limitations and do not reflect all components of actual investments. Reader’s actual results may vary based upon many factors. All content and references to third-party sources is provided solely for convenience. This information may be inaccurate, use at your own risk.

By reading this article or any of its contents you agree that neither author nor its employees, shareholders, directors, contractors, affiliates, agents, third party content providers or licensors will be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental or any other type of claim, liability, cost, damage or loss resulting from reader’s use of any of this content. This includes, but is not limited to, loss or injury caused in whole or in part by contingencies beyond our control.

What are investments?

Investments are something you buy or put your money into to get a profitable return. There are four main types of investment, known as ‘asset classes’:

Shares or Equities – purchasing a stake in a company usually in return for regular payments called dividends.
Cash – savings you would ordinarily deposit with a bank in return for a regular interest payment.
Property – investing in a physical building, whether commercial or residential.
Fixed interest securities (also called bonds) - you loan your money to a company or government in return for a guaranteed rate at the end of an agreed term.

There are other types of investments available too, including:

Foreign currency
Collectibles, such as art and antiques
Commodities like Gold, oil, coffee, corn, rubber or gold
Contracts for difference, where you bet on shares gaining or losing value

Cash

Leaving your money in cash and/or investing in cash’s equivalent such as term deposits will provide you with a stable, low risk regular income in the form of interest payments. Cash is considered a defensive asset and would usually be held for a short time period, excluding any emergency cash reserves.

Fixed Interest

Fixed interest investments come in many forms including government and corporate bonds, Treasury notes, debentures, fixed interest trusts, bank bills etc. Fixed interest investments pay you a regular interest payment over a fixed term. The interest rate and level of risk will vary depending on the type of fixed interest investment. Fixed interest is considered a defensive asset and has a one to three-year investment time frame.

Equities (Shares)

Investing in equities gives you part ownership in a company and the right to receive a portion of the profits, commonly referred to as dividends. Returns will usually include capital growth (or loss), and income through dividends. Investing in international shares introduces currency risk. As the value of shares can go up or down and are reported daily, they are considered to be riskier than cash or fixed interest. Shares are considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold shares for at least five to seven years. Investing in equities through mutual funds is also part of this category of investments.

Property

You can invest in property either via directly purchasing or via property securities and Real Estate Investment Trusts, which are shares in property investments. Sectors include commercial, retail, hotel and industrial property. You can invest in both Local and International property. Property is considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold them for at least five to seven years.

Alternative investments

Another asset class to consider is the which can cover a wide range of investment opportunities. The major categories include private equity, hedge funds, infrastructure, emerging markets, gold and other commodities, materials and Agribusiness (Agricultural Investments). An investment is usually considered alternative if it has a relatively limited investment history, has clearly differentiated features from any traditional asset class, requires specialist skills to manage and is typically not common in investment portfolios. Depending on the specific asset, alternatives can be considered either a growth or defensive asset.

The various assets owned by an investor make up an investment portfolio. As a general rule, spreading your money between the different types of asset classes helps lower the risk of your overall portfolio underperforming – this is called diversification.

Diversification can reduce the volatility of your portfolio (the value going up and down). It aims to manage the returns on your portfolio over the medium to long term.

Another smart investing technique to manage market volatility is where investors utilise a ‘dollar-cost-averaging’ strategy (investing equal amounts into their portfolios on a monthly basis) actually take advantage of excellent buying opportunities that are presented during periods of volatility. Such strategies passively add value to client’s portfolios and prove very beneficial when markets recover. In any case, if investors hold their investment to their intended timeframe they won’t have any reason to fear market volatility.

Returns

With an instant access cash account, you can withdraw money whenever you like, and it’s generally considered a secure investment. The same money put into fixed interest securities, shares or property is likely to rise and fall in value but increase more over the longer term, although each is likely to grow by different amounts.

Returns are the profit you earn from your investments.

Depending on where you put your money it could be paid in several different ways:

Dividends (from shares)
Rent (from properties)
Interest (from cash deposits and fixed interest securities).
The difference between the price you pay and the price you sell for – capital gains or losses.

How fees reduce investment returns

Managing investments takes time and money and service providers will charge a fee. This cost can eat into the returns you’ll receive and it’s something you should ask about before you invest.

Protect yourself

Avoid unsolicited investment offers. Before investing check. If you’re considering an investment offer, seek impartial advice.

The content of this article does not constitute individual financial advice.

What are investments?

Investments are something you buy or put your money into to get a profitable return. There are four main types of investment, known as ‘asset classes’:

Shares or Equities – purchasing a stake in a company usually in return for regular payments called dividends.
Cash – savings you would ordinarily deposit with a bank in return for a regular interest payment.
Property – investing in a physical building, whether commercial or residential.
Fixed interest securities (also called bonds) - you loan your money to a company or government in return for a guaranteed rate at the end of an agreed term.

There are other types of investments available too, including:

Foreign currency
Collectibles, such as art and antiques
Commodities like Gold, oil, coffee, corn, rubber or gold
Contracts for difference, where you bet on shares gaining or losing value

Cash

Leaving your money in cash and/or investing in cash’s equivalent such as term deposits will provide you with a stable, low risk regular income in the form of interest payments. Cash is considered a defensive asset and would usually be held for a short time period, excluding any emergency cash reserves.

Fixed Interest

Fixed interest investments come in many forms including government and corporate bonds, Treasury notes, debentures, fixed interest trusts, bank bills etc. Fixed interest investments pay you a regular interest payment over a fixed term. The interest rate and level of risk will vary depending on the type of fixed interest investment. Fixed interest is considered a defensive asset and has a one to three-year investment time frame.

Equities (Shares)

Investing in equities gives you part ownership in a company and the right to receive a portion of the profits, commonly referred to as dividends. Returns will usually include capital growth (or loss), and income through dividends. Investing in international shares introduces currency risk. As the value of shares can go up or down and are reported daily, they are considered to be riskier than cash or fixed interest. Shares are considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold shares for at least five to seven years. Investing in equities through mutual funds is also part of this category of investments.

Property

You can invest in property either via directly purchasing or via property securities and Real Estate Investment Trusts, which are shares in property investments. Sectors include commercial, retail, hotel and industrial property. You can invest in both Local and International property. Property is considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold them for at least five to seven years.

Alternative investments

Another asset class to consider is the which can cover a wide range of investment opportunities. The major categories include private equity, hedge funds, infrastructure, emerging markets, gold and other commodities, materials and Agribusiness (Agricultural Investments). An investment is usually considered alternative if it has a relatively limited investment history, has clearly differentiated features from any traditional asset class, requires specialist skills to manage and is typically not common in investment portfolios. Depending on the specific asset, alternatives can be considered either a growth or defensive asset.

The various assets owned by an investor make up an investment portfolio. As a general rule, spreading your money between the different types of asset classes helps lower the risk of your overall portfolio underperforming – this is called diversification.

Diversification can reduce the volatility of your portfolio (the value going up and down). It aims to manage the returns on your portfolio over the medium to long term.

Another smart investing technique to manage market volatility is where investors utilise a ‘dollar-cost-averaging’ strategy (investing equal amounts into their portfolios on a monthly basis) actually take advantage of excellent buying opportunities that are presented during periods of volatility. Such strategies passively add value to client’s portfolios and prove very beneficial when markets recover. In any case, if investors hold their investment to their intended timeframe they won’t have any reason to fear market volatility.

Returns

With an instant access cash account, you can withdraw money whenever you like, and it’s generally considered a secure investment. The same money put into fixed interest securities, shares or property is likely to rise and fall in value but increase more over the longer term, although each is likely to grow by different amounts.

Returns are the profit you earn from your investments.

Depending on where you put your money it could be paid in several different ways:

Dividends (from shares)
Rent (from properties)
Interest (from cash deposits and fixed interest securities).
The difference between the price you pay and the price you sell for – capital gains or losses.

How fees reduce investment returns

Managing investments takes time and money and service providers will charge a fee. This cost can eat into the returns you’ll receive and it’s something you should ask about before you invest.

Protect yourself

Avoid unsolicited investment offers. Before investing check. If you’re considering an investment offer, seek impartial advice.

The information in this report does not take into account the specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs of any particular person who may be in receipt of the materials. Accordingly, it should not be relied on or treated as a substitute for specific advice concerning individual situations.

While we have made every attempt to ensure that the information contained in this report has been obtained from reliable sources, Aon is not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for the results obtained from the use of this information. All information in this report is provided "as is", with no guarantee of completeness, accuracy, timeliness or of the results obtained from the use of this information, and without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including, but not limited to warranties of performance, merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event will Aon be liable to you or anyone else for any decision made or action taken in reliance on the information in this report or for any consequential, special or similar damages, even if advised of the possibility of such damages.

What are investments?

Investments are something you buy or put your money into to get a profitable return. There are four main types of investment, known as ‘asset classes’:

Shares or Equities – purchasing a stake in a company usually in return for regular payments called dividends.
Cash – savings you would ordinarily deposit with a bank in return for a regular interest payment.
Property – investing in a physical building, whether commercial or residential.
Fixed interest securities (also called bonds) - you loan your money to a company or government in return for a guaranteed rate at the end of an agreed term.

There are other types of investments available too, including:

Foreign currency
Collectibles, such as art and antiques
Commodities like Gold, oil, coffee, corn, rubber or gold
Contracts for difference, where you bet on shares gaining or losing value

Cash

Leaving your money in cash and/or investing in cash’s equivalent such as term deposits will provide you with a stable, low risk regular income in the form of interest payments. Cash is considered a defensive asset and would usually be held for a short time period, excluding any emergency cash reserves.

Fixed Interest

Fixed interest investments come in many forms including government and corporate bonds, Treasury notes, debentures, fixed interest trusts, bank bills etc. Fixed interest investments pay you a regular interest payment over a fixed term. The interest rate and level of risk will vary depending on the type of fixed interest investment. Fixed interest is considered a defensive asset and has a one to three-year investment time frame.

Equities (Shares)

Investing in equities gives you part ownership in a company and the right to receive a portion of the profits, commonly referred to as dividends. Returns will usually include capital growth (or loss), and income through dividends. Investing in international shares introduces currency risk. As the value of shares can go up or down and are reported daily, they are considered to be riskier than cash or fixed interest. Shares are considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold shares for at least five to seven years. Investing in equities through mutual funds is also part of this category of investments.

Property

You can invest in property either via directly purchasing or via property securities and Real Estate Investment Trusts, which are shares in property investments. Sectors include commercial, retail, hotel and industrial property. You can invest in both Local and International property. Property is considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold them for at least five to seven years.

Alternative investments

Another asset class to consider is the which can cover a wide range of investment opportunities. The major categories include private equity, hedge funds, infrastructure, emerging markets, gold and other commodities, materials and Agribusiness (Agricultural Investments). An investment is usually considered alternative if it has a relatively limited investment history, has clearly differentiated features from any traditional asset class, requires specialist skills to manage and is typically not common in investment portfolios. Depending on the specific asset, alternatives can be considered either a growth or defensive asset.

The various assets owned by an investor make up an investment portfolio. As a general rule, spreading your money between the different types of asset classes helps lower the risk of your overall portfolio underperforming – this is called diversification.

Diversification can reduce the volatility of your portfolio (the value going up and down). It aims to manage the returns on your portfolio over the medium to long term.

Another smart investing technique to manage market volatility is where investors utilise a ‘dollar-cost-averaging’ strategy (investing equal amounts into their portfolios on a monthly basis) actually take advantage of excellent buying opportunities that are presented during periods of volatility. Such strategies passively add value to client’s portfolios and prove very beneficial when markets recover. In any case, if investors hold their investment to their intended timeframe they won’t have any reason to fear market volatility.

Returns

With an instant access cash account, you can withdraw money whenever you like, and it’s generally considered a secure investment. The same money put into fixed interest securities, shares or property is likely to rise and fall in value but increase more over the longer term, although each is likely to grow by different amounts.

Returns are the profit you earn from your investments.

Depending on where you put your money it could be paid in several different ways:

Dividends (from shares)
Rent (from properties)
Interest (from cash deposits and fixed interest securities).
The difference between the price you pay and the price you sell for – capital gains or losses.

How fees reduce investment returns

Managing investments takes time and money and service providers will charge a fee. This cost can eat into the returns you’ll receive and it’s something you should ask about before you invest.

Protect yourself

Avoid unsolicited investment offers. Before investing check. If you’re considering an investment offer, seek impartial advice.

Hva er en investering?

Å investere betyr at du plasserer pengene dine nå for å høste en gevinst senere. Det finnes fire hovedtyper investering, også kalt “aktivaklasser”.

Aksjer eller eierandeler – investeringer der du kjøper en eierandel i et selskap og mottar en jevnlig utbetalt avkastning.
Kontantbeløp – oppsparte midler du normalt plasserer som bankinnskudd på en rentebærende konto.
Eiendom – kjøp av eierandeler i en fysisk bygning, enten dette er et næringsbygg eller en boligeiendom.
Obligasjoner (også kalt fastrentepapirer) - utlån av dine penger til et selskap eller et lands myndigheter der du mottar garantert rente fram til utlånet ditt forfaller.

Andre investeringsmuligheter er for eksempel:

Valuta
Samleobjekter, som f.eks. kunst og antikviteter
Råvarer, som f.eks. olje, kaffe, mais, gummi eller gull
Kontrakter der du satser på at aksjer stiger eller faller i verdi

Kontantbeløp

Om du beholder kontanter, åpner en sparekonto eller binder pengene i termininnskudd, så vil du få en stabil, jevn inntekt i form av renteutbetalinger. Kontanter går for å være en “defensiv” plassering og du bør bare oppbevare kontanter i kort tid utover beløpet du trenger for en krisesituasjon.

Fastrente

Fastrentepapirer, eller rentebærende gjeldsbrev, finnes i mange former, som f.eks. statsobligasjoner, selskapsobligasjoner og bankremisser. Fastrenteinvesteringer gir deg en jevn renteutbetaling over en avtalt periode. Rentenivået og risikograden varierer avhengig av typen rentebærende gjeldsbrev. Fastrente anses for en defensiv investering og har en løpetid fra ett til tre år.

Aksjer (eierandeler)

Investerer du i aksjer, blir du deleier i et selskap med rett til å motta en del av overskuddet, såkalt dividende. Avkastningen eller dividenden vil vanligvis skrive seg fra kapitalvekst, eventuelle tap og selskapets inntekter. Investering i internasjonale aksjer medfører valutarisiko. Aksjeverdiene stiger og faller, og innrapporteres daglig. Så aksjer regnes for å ha høyere risiko enn kontanter og fastrentepapirer. Aksjer regnes som vekstkapital, og det anbefales at du sitter på aksjer i minst fem til syv år.

Eiendom

Du kan investere i eiendom gjennom direkte kjøp eller via et eiendomsselskap som gir deg en eierandel i f.eks. et næringsbygg. Sektorer innen næringseiendom er for eksempel forretningslokaler, hoteller og industribygg. Du kan investere både lokalt og internasjonalt. Eiendom regnes som vekstkapital, og det anbefales at du sitter på eiendomsinvesteringer i minst fem til syv år.

Alternative investeringer

Du kan vurdere andre aktivaklasser som omfatter en rekke ulike investeringsmuligheter. Viktige investeringskategorier er privat eierkapital, hedgefond, infrastruktur, nye markeder, gull og andre råvarer, materialer og landbruk. Såkalte alternative investeringer har en relativt begrenset historikk og skiller seg tydelig fra tradisjonelle aktivaklasser. Det trengs ekspertkunnskaper for å mestre dem, og de inngår vanligvis ikke i investeringsporteføljer. Avhengig av investeringens art kan alternative investeringer regnes som vekstkapital eller defensiv pengeplassering.

En investeringsportefølje består av alle ulike aktiva som en investor eier. Generelt sett reduserer du risikoen for at porteføljen gir dårlig avkastning ved å spre investeringene på flere aktivaklasser. På fagspråk kalles dette “diversifisering”

Diversifisering kan redusere uforutsigbare verdivariasjoner i porteføljen din, såkalt “volatilitet”. Formålet med diversifisering er å styre porteføljens avkastning på mellomlang og lang sikt.

En annen klok investeringsteknikk for å begrense volatilitet er å investere like store månedlige beløp i porteføljen over tid. Dermed kan man utnytte gunstige tidspunkter for kjøp i perioder med volatilitet i markedet. Slike strategier gir merverdi til klientens portefølje og har vist seg å være svært gunstige når markedet henter seg inn. Det er likevel ingen grunn til å frykte volatilitet i markedet når investoren sitter på investeringen i hele den planlagte perioden.

Avkastning

Har du bankkonto med fritt uttak, kan du ta ut penger når som helst, og dette regnes vanligvis som en sikker investering. Tilsvarende pengebeløp investert i fastrentepapirer, aksjer eller eiendom vil sannsynligvis stige og falle i verdi. Men verdistigningen er gjerne større enn fallet på lengre sikt selv om plasseringene sannsynligvis har ulik verdistigning.

Avkastningen er gevinsten du mottar på investeringene dine.

Avhengig av hvordan du har plassert pengene dine, utbetales avkastningen på ulike måter:

Dividende (på aksjer)
Husleie (fra eiendom)
Rente (fra bankinnskudd og fastrentepapirer)
Forskjellen mellom prisen du kjøpte for og prisen du solgte for kalles kapitalgevinst eller kapitaltap.

Hvordan gebyrer reduserer avkastning

Det koster tid og penger å forvalte investeringer, og kapitalforvaltere vil belaste deg med et gebyr. Slike omkostninger kan tære på avkastningen du får, og dette bør du forhøre deg om før du investerer.

Beskytt deg selv

Unngå investeringstilbud du ikke har oppsøkt selv. Sjekk selv før du investerer. Søk upartiske råd når du vurderer et investeringstilbud.

Qu’entend-on par investissements ?

Les investissements sont des choses que vous achetez ou dans lesquelles vous placez votre argent pour obtenir un rendement rentable. Il existe quatre grands types d’investissement, appelés « catégories d’actifs » :

Actions et participations : achat d’une part d’une société, généralement en échange de paiements réguliers appelés dividendes.
Liquidités : économies que vous déposeriez normalement sur un compte à la banque en échange d’un paiement régulier d’intérêt.
Immobilier : investissement dans un bâtiment physique, qu’il soit commercial ou résidentiel.
Titres à revenu fixe (également appelés obligations) : vous prêtez votre argent à une entreprise ou à un gouvernement en échange d’un intérêt garanti à la fin d’une période convenue.

Il existe également d’autres types d’investissement, citons par exemple :

Les devises étrangères ;
Les objets de collection, comme les œuvres d’art ou les antiquités ;
Les matières premières comme le pétrole, le café, le maïs, le caoutchouc ou l’or ;
Les « Contrats financiers pour différences » ou CFD, dans le cadre desquels vous spéculez sur la hausse ou la baisse de la valeur d’actions

Liquidités

En conservant votre argent en espèces et/ou en investissant dans des équivalents de trésorerie tels que des dépôts à terme, vous obtiendrez un revenu régulier stable, à faible risque, mais à faible rendement, sous forme de paiements d’intérêt. Les liquidités sont considérées comme un actif défensif et sont généralement conservées pendant une courte période, à l’exclusion de toute réserve de liquidités d’urgence.

Intérêt fixe

Les investissements à taux fixe se présentent sous diverses formes, notamment les obligations d’État et de société, les obligations du Trésor, les « debentures » (obligations sans garantie), les « fixed interest trusts », les acceptations de banque, etc. Les investissements à taux fixe vous rapportent un paiement d’intérêt régulier sur une durée déterminée. Le taux d’intérêt et le niveau de risque varient selon le type d’investissement à taux fixe. L’intérêt fixe est considéré comme un actif défensif et sa durée d’investissement va d’un à trois ans.

Participations (actions)

Investir dans des actions vous octroie une part dans une société et le droit de recevoir une partie des bénéfices, communément appelés dividendes. Les rendements se traduisent généralement par la croissance du capital (ou la perte de capital) et par des revenus sous forme de dividendes. Investir dans des actions internationales implique un risque de change. Comme la valeur des actions peut augmenter ou diminuer et qu’elles sont cotées quotidiennement, elles sont considérées comme plus risquées que les liquidités ou les produits à taux fixe Les actions sont considérées comme un actif de croissance et il est recommandé de les conserver pendant au moins cinq à sept ans.

Immobilier

Vous pouvez investir dans l’immobilier soit en achetant directement un bien, soit par le biais de titres immobiliers et de fonds de placement immobilier, qui sont des parts dans des placements immobiliers. Les secteurs concernés comprennent les propriétés commerciales, de commerce de détail, hôtelières et industrielles. Vous pouvez investir à la fois dans de l’immobilier local et international. L’immobilier est considéré comme un actif de croissance et il est recommandé de conserver ces placements pendant au moins cinq à sept ans.

Investissements alternatifs

Il existe d’autres catégories d’actifs qui peuvent être prises en considération et couvrent un large éventail de possibilités d’investissement, telles que le capital-investissement, les fonds spéculatifs, les investissements d’infrastructure, les marchés émergents, l’or et d’autres matières premières, les matériaux et l’agroalimentaire (investissements agricoles). Un investissement est généralement considéré comme alternatif s’il a un historique d’investissement relativement limité, présente des caractéristiques clairement distinctes des autres catégories, nécessite des compétences spécialisées pour sa gestion et est peu fréquent dans les portefeuilles d’investissement. Selon l’actif spécifique, les investissements alternatifs peuvent être considérés comme des actifs de croissance ou des actifs défensifs.

Les différents actifs détenus par un investisseur constituent un portefeuille d’investissement. En règle générale, la répartition de votre argent entre les différents types de catégories d’actifs permet de réduire le risque de sous-performance de votre portefeuille global (c’est ce qu’on appelle la diversification).

La diversification peut réduire la volatilité de votre portefeuille (la hausse et la baisse de sa valeur). Elle vise à gérer les rendements de votre portefeuille à moyen et long terme.

Une autre technique d’investissement intelligente pour gérer la volatilité du marché consiste à utiliser une stratégie de « dollar-cost-averaging », de placements échelonnés (en investissant des montants égaux dans des portefeuilles sur une base mensuelle) et à profiter des excellentes opportunités d’achat qui se présentent en période de volatilité. Ces stratégies ajoutent passivement de la valeur aux portefeuilles des clients et s’avèrent très bénéfiques lorsque les marchés se redressent. Dans tous les cas, si les investisseurs maintiennent leur investissement dans les délais prévus, ils n’auront aucune raison de craindre la volatilité du marché.

Rendements

Si vous disposez d’un compte à vue, vous pouvez retirer de l’argent quand vous le souhaitez, et ceci est généralement considéré comme un investissement sûr. La même somme d’argent placée dans des titres à revenu fixe, des actions ou des biens immobiliers, est susceptible d’augmenter et de diminuer en valeur, mais d’augmenter davantage sur le long terme, bien que chacun de ces investissements soit susceptible de croître d’un montant différent.

Les rendements sont les bénéfices que vous tirez de vos investissements.

Selon le produit dans lequel vous placez votre argent, ils peuvent se matérialiser de différentes manières :

Des dividendes (des actions),
Des loyers (des biens immobiliers),
Des intérêts (des dépôts d’espèces et des titres à taux fixe),
La différence entre le prix que vous payez et le prix auquel vous vendez (gains ou pertes en capital).

Comment les frais réduisent les rendements des investissements

La gestion des investissements nécessite du temps et de l’argent, et les prestataires de services facturent des frais. Ces frais peuvent se répercuter sur les rendements que vous percevrez et c’est un point sur lequel vous devriez vous renseigner avant d’investir.

Se protéger

Évitez les offres d’investissement non sollicitées. Vérifiez avant d’investir. Si vous envisagez de répondre à une offre d’investissement, demandez un conseil à un tiers impartial.

Wat zijn investeringen?

Investeringen zijn iets wat je koopt of waar je je geld in stopt om een winstgevend rendement te behalen. Er zijn vier hoofdtypen van investeringen, ook wel ‘activaklassen’ genoemd:

Aandelen of obligaties - het kopen van een aandeel in een bedrijf, meestal in ruil voor reguliere betalingen, dividenden genoemd.
Contant geld - spaargeld dat je normaal gesproken zou storten op een bank- of hypotheekrekening in ruil voor een regelmatige interestbetaling.
Vastgoed - investeren in een fysiek gebouw, zowel commercieel als residentieel.
Vastrentende effecten (ook wel obligaties genoemd) - je leent je geld aan een bedrijf of overheid uit in ruil voor een gegarandeerd tarief aan het einde van een overeengekomen termijn.

Er zijn ook andere soorten investeringen beschikbaar, waaronder:

Vreemde valuta
Verzamelobjecten, zoals kunst en antiek
Grondstoffen zoals olie, koffie, maïs, rubber of goud
“Contracts for difference”, waarbij je inzet op de waardewinst of -verlies van aandelen

Contanten

Als je je geld in contanten laat en/of investeert in het equivalent van contant geld, zoals termijndeposito's, krijg je een stabiel, laag risico, maar een laag regelmatig inkomen, in de vorm van interestbetalingen. Contanten worden beschouwd als defensief en worden gewoonlijk gedurende een korte periode aangehouden, met uitzondering van eventuele noodreserves in contanten.

Vaste rente

Vaste-rentebeleggingen zijn er in vele vormen, waaronder staatsobligaties en bedrijfsobligaties, schatkistpapieren, obligaties, trusts met vaste rente, bankconto’s enz. Bij vaste-rentebeleggingen wordt een regelmatige interestbetaling over een vaste looptijd aan je betaald. De rentevoet en het risiconiveau zijn afhankelijk van het type investering met vaste rente. Vaste rente wordt beschouwd als defensief en heeft een investeringstermijn van één tot drie jaar.

Obligaties (aandelen)

Investeren in aandelen geeft je deels eigendom van een bedrijf en het recht om een deel van de winsten te ontvangen, gewoonlijk dividenden genoemd. Rendementen omvatten gewoonlijk kapitaalgroei (of verlies) en inkomsten via dividenden. Investeren in internationale aandelen brengt valutarisico met zich mee. Aangezien de waarde van aandelen kan stijgen of dalen en dagelijks wordt gerapporteerd, worden ze als riskanter beschouwd dan contanten of vaste rente. Aandelen worden beschouwd als groeivermogen en het wordt aanbevolen dat je je aandelen voor ten minste vijf tot zeven jaar vasthoudt.

Vastgoed

Je kunt in vastgoed beleggen via directe aankoop of via vastgoedeffecten en vastgoedbevaks, aandelen in vastgoedbeleggingen. Sectoren zijn onder meer commercieel, retail, hotel en industrieel vastgoed. Je kunt investeren in zowel lokaal als internationaal vastgoed. Vastgoed wordt beschouwd als groeivermogen en het wordt aanbevolen dat je het voor ten minste vijf tot zeven jaar vasthoudt.

Alternatieve investeringen

Andere activaklassen om te overwegen zijn private equity, hedgefondsen, infrastructuur, opkomende markten, goud en andere delfstoffen, materialen en agribusiness (agrarische investeringen). Een belegging wordt doorgaans als alternatief beschouwd als het een relatief beperkte beleggingsgeschiedenis heeft, duidelijk onderscheidende kenmerken heeft ten opzichte van een traditionele beleggingscategorie, specialistische vaardigheden vereist om te beheren en doorgaans niet gebruikelijk is in beleggingsportefeuilles. Afhankelijk van het specifieke activum kunnen alternatieven worden beschouwd als een groei- of een defensief activum.

De verschillende activa van een investeerder vormen een beleggingsportefeuille. Als algemene regel is het beter om je geld tussen de verschillende soorten activaklassen te verdelen om het risico te verkleinen dat je algehele portefeuille slechter presteert - dit wordt diversificatie genoemd.

Diversificatie kan de volatiliteit van je portefeuille verminderen (de waarde die stijgt en daalt). Het heeft tot doel het rendement op je portefeuille op middellange tot lange termijn te beheren.

Nog een slimme beleggingstechniek om de marktvolatiliteit te beheersen, is wanneer beleggers een ‘dollar-cost-averaging'-strategie gebruiken (maandelijks gelijke bedragen in hun portefeuilles investeren) om daadwerkelijk te profiteren van uitstekende koopkansen die worden geboden tijdens perioden van volatiliteit. Dergelijke strategieën voegen passief waarde toe aan de portefeuilles van klanten en zijn zeer nuttig wanneer markten herstellen. Hoe dan ook, als investeerders hun investering binnen het beoogde tijdsbestek houden, hebben ze geen enkele reden om terug te schrikken oor marktvolatiliteit.

Opbrengsten

Met een geldrekening met directe toegang kan je geld opnemen wanneer je maar wilt. Dit wordt over het algemeen als een veilige investering beschouwd. Hetzelfde geld dat in vastrentende effecten, aandelen of vastgoed wordt gestopt, zal waarschijnlijk in waarde stijgen en dalen, maar op de langere termijn meer toenemen, hoewel elk waarschijnlijk met verschillende bedragen zal toenemen.

Rendementen zijn de winst die je verdient met je beleggingen.

Afhankelijk van waar je je geld in hebt gestopt, kan het op verschillende manieren worden betaald:

Dividenden (uit aandelen)
Huur (uit vastgoed)
Interest (van contante deposito's en vastrentende effecten).
Het verschil tussen de prijs die je betaalt en de prijs waarvoor je verkoopt - vermogenswinsten of -verliezen.

Hoe vergoedingen het beleggingsrendement verminderen

Het beheren van investeringen kost tijd en geld en serviceproviders brengen hiervoor kosten in rekening. Deze kosten kunnen een impact hebben op het rendement dat je ontvangt en het is iets waar je naar moet vragen voordat je belegt.

Bescherm jezelf

Vermijd ongevraagde investeringsaanbiedingen. Controleer eerst alvorens te investeren. Als je een investeringsaanbod overweegt, vraag dan onpartijdig advies.

Hvad er investeringer?

Investeringer er noget, du køber eller sætter penge i for at få et profitabelt afkast. Der findes fire investeringstyper, der også er kendt som "aktivklasser":

Aktier eller stamaktier – køb af aktier i en virksomhed, ofte mod regelmæssige udbetalinger, der kaldes dividende eller udbytte.
Likvid beholdning – opsparing, som du normalt ville sætte ind på en konto i en bank eller en kreditforening mod en regelmæssig rentebetaling.
Ejendom – investering i en fast ejendom til enten erhverv eller beboelse.
Fastforrentede værdipapirer (også kaldet obligationer) – du låner dine penge til en virksomhed eller regering mod en garanteret sats i slutningen af en aftalt periode.

Der findes også andre investeringstyper, herunder:

Udenlandsk valuta
Samlerobjekter som kunst og antikviteter
Råvarer som olie, kaffe, korn, gummi eller guld
Differencekontrakter, hvor du satser på opgang eller nedgang i aktiers værdi

Likvide beholdninger

Ved at sætte dine penge i likvide beholdninger og/eller ved at investere i likvide værdipapirer såsom opsigelsesindskud får du en stabil, regelmæssig lavrisikoindkomst i form af renteydelser. Likvide beholdninger anses for at være defensive aktiver og ejes sædvanligvis i en kort periode, med undtagelse af likvide reserver til nødstilfælde.

Fast rente

Der findes flere former for fastforrentede investeringer, herunder stats- og virksomhedsobligationer, statsgældsbeviser, usikrede gældsbreve, fastforrentet fonde, bankveksel osv. med fastforrentede investeringer modtager du regelmæssige renteydelser inden for en aftalt periode. Rentesatsen og risikoniveauet kan variere afhængig af typen af fastforrentet investering. Fast rente anses som defensive aktiver og har en investeringshorisont på et til tre år.

Stamaktier (aktier)

Investering i stamaktier giver dig delvist ejerskab i en virksomhed samt retten til at modtage en del af overskuddet, hvilket normalt kaldes dividender eller udbytte. Afkast omfatter sædvanligvis kapitaltilvækst (eller -tab) og udbytteindtægter. Investering i internationale aktier indebærer valutarisici. Da aktiers værdi kan gå op eller ned og rapporteres dagligt, anses de som mere risikable end likvide beholdninger og fastforrentede investeringer. Aktier anses som et vækstaktiv og det anbefales, at du ejer aktier i mindst fem til syv år.

Ejendom

Du kan investere i ejendom enten gennem direkte opkøb eller gennem ejendomsværdipapirer og ejendomsinvesteringsforeninger, som er aktier i ejendomsinvesteringer. Sektorer omfatter
erhvervs-, detail-, hotel- og industriejendomme. Du kan investere i både lokale og internationale ejendomme. Ejendomme anses som et vækstaktiv og det anbefales, at du ejer dem i mindst fem til syv år.

Alternative investeringer

Andre relevante aktivklasser omfatter privat egenkapital, hedgefonde, infrastruktur, nye vækstmarkeder, guld og andre råvarer og materialer samt landbrugsindustrien (landsbrugsinvesteringer), som kan dække en bred vifte af investeringsmuligheder. En investering anses typisk som alternativ, hvis den har en relativt begrænset investeringshistorie, har klart differentierede karakteristika i forhold til traditionelle aktieklasser, kræver ekspertise at forvalte og typisk ikke er hyppigt forekommende i investeringsporteføljer. Afhængigt af det pågældende aktiv kan alternativer anses som enten vækstaktiver eller defensive aktiver.

De forskellige aktiver, der ejes af en investor, udgør en investeringsportefølje. Som hovedregel er spredning af dine midler mellem forskellige typer aktieklasser med til at sænke risikoen for, at din overordnede portefølje klarer sig dårligere end forventet – dette kaldes diversificering.

Diversificering kan reducere din porteføljes volatilitet (det at værdien går op og ned). Hensigten med diversificering er at forvalte din porteføljes afkast på mellemlangt og langt sigt.

En anden smart investeringsteknik til at navigere markedsvolatilitet er, når investorer anvender en strategi til udjævning af en position ("dollar cost averaging"), hvor der investeres det samme beløb i porteføljerne hver måned, hvilket faktisk drager fordel af fremragende købsmuligheder, der præsenterer sig i perioder med volatilitet. En sådan strategi tilføjer passivt værdi til kundens porteføljer og viser sig meget at være fordelagtige, når markederne kommer ovenpå igen. Under alle omstændigheder har investorer, der holder deres investering inden for deres påtænkte tidsramme, ingen grund til at frygte markedsvolatilitet.

Afkast

Med en konto uden opsigelse kan du hæve penge når som helst, og det anses overordnet set som en sikker investering. De samme penge, der sættes i fastforrentede værdipapirer, aktier eller ejendom stiger og falder sandsynligvis i værdi, men øges mere over lang tid, selvom de kan stige med forskellige beløb.

Afkast er det overskud, du får fra dine investeringer.

Afhængigt af hvor du sætter dine penge, kan afkastet udbetales på forskellige måder:

Udbytte (fra aktier)
Leje (fra ejendomme)
Renter (fra kontantindskud og fastforrentede værdipapirer).
Forskellen mellem den pris, du betaler, og den pris, du sælger for – kapitaltilvækst eller -tab.

Sådan reducerer gebyrer dit investeringsafkast

Kapitalforvaltning kræver både tid og penge, og investeringsforvaltere opkræver gebyrer. Dette kan gøre indhug i det afkast, du modtager, og det er noget, du bør spørge ind til, før du investerer.

Beskyt dig selv

Undgå uopfordrede investeringstilbud. Tjek, før du investerer. Hvis du overvejer at benytte dig af et investeringstilbud, bør du rådføre dig med en upartisk økonomisk rådgiver.

Τι είναι οι επενδύσεις;

Οι επενδύσεις είναι οι αγορές ή η τοποθέτηση χρημάτων σε οτιδήποτε μπορεί να αποφέρει κέρδος. Υπάρχουν τέσσερις τύποι επένδυσης, γνωστοί ως «κατηγορίες ενεργητικού»:

Μετοχές ή μετοχικά μερίδια – Η αγορά μεριδίου μιας επιχείρησης που αποφέρει συνήθως τακτικές πληρωμές, γνωστές ως μερίσματα.
Μετρητά – Τα ποσά αποταμίευσης που καταθέτετε συνήθως στην τράπεζα ή σε λογαριασμό εταιρείας χορήγησης στεγαστικών δανείων για εισόδημα από τόκους που καταβάλλονται σε τακτική βάση.
Ακίνητα – Η επένδυση σε κτήρια, εμπορικής ή οικιστικής χρήσης.
Τίτλοι σταθερού επιτοκίου (γνωστοί και ως ομόλογα) – δανείζετε τα χρήματά σας σε μια εταιρεία ή στο κράτος με αντάλλαγμα την εγγυημένη απόδοση κατά τη λήξη μιας συμφωνηθείσας περιόδου.

Υπάρχουν και άλλοι διαθέσιμοι τύποι επενδύσεων, όπως:

Τα ξένα νομίσματα
Τα συλλεκτικά αντικείμενα, όπως τα έργα τέχνης και οι αντίκες
Τα βασικά προϊόντα όπως το πετρέλαιο, ο καφές, ο αραβόσιτος, το καουτσούκ ή ο χρυσός
Οι συμβάσεις επί διαφοράς με τις οποίες στοιχηματίζετε εάν θα μειωθεί ή θα αυξηθεί η τιμή μιας μετοχής

Μετρητά

Με τη διατήρηση των χρημάτων σας σε μορφή μετρητών ή/και την επένδυση σε ισοδύναμα μετρητών, όπως οι προθεσμιακές καταθέσεις, θα λαμβάνετε ένα σταθερό, τακτικό εισόδημα χαμηλού κινδύνου σε μορφή τόκων. Τα μετρητά θεωρούνται συντηρητικό στοιχείο ενεργητικού και, συνήθως, διατηρούνται για μικρό χρονικό διάστημα, εξαιρουμένων των αποθεμάτων μετρητών έκτακτης ανάγκης.

Σταθερό επιτόκιο

Οι επενδύσεις σταθερού επιτοκίου διατίθενται σε ποικίλες μορφές, όπως τα κρατικά και εταιρικά ομόλογα, τα μεσοπρόθεσμα γραμμάτια δημοσίου, τα καταπιστεύματα σταθερού επιτοκίου, οι τραπεζικές συναλλαγματικές κ.λπ. Με τις επενδύσεις σταθερού επιτοκίου καταβάλλονται τόκοι σε τακτά χρονικά διαστήματα μέσα σε συγκεκριμένη χρονική περίοδο. Το επιτόκιο και το επίπεδο κινδύνου θα διαφέρουν ανάλογα με τον τύπο της επένδυσης σταθερού επιτοκίου. Οι επενδύσεις σταθερού επιτοκίου θεωρούνται συντηρητικά στοιχεία ενεργητικού και έχουν χρονικό πλαίσιο επένδυσης από ένα έως τρία έτη.

Μετοχικά μερίδια (μετοχές)

Η επένδυση σε μετοχικά μερίδια σας παραχωρεί μερική ιδιοκτησία σε μια εταιρεία και το δικαίωμα να λαμβάνετε ένα μέρος των κερδών, που αναφέρεται συχνά ως μέρισμα. Συνήθως, οι αποδόσεις θα περιλαμβάνουν την αύξηση (ή την απώλεια) του κεφαλαίου και το εισόδημα που αποκομίζεται μέσω των μερισμάτων. Η επένδυση σε διεθνείς μετοχές περικλείει συναλλαγματικό κίνδυνο. Επειδή οι τιμές των μετοχών μπορεί να αυξηθούν ή να μειωθούν και αυτό αναφέρεται σε καθημερινή βάση, θεωρείται ότι περικλείουν μεγαλύτερο κίνδυνο σε σύγκριση με τα μετρητά ή τις επενδύσεις σταθερού επιτοκίου. Επίσης, θεωρείται ότι οι μετοχές είναι στοιχεία ενεργητικού αύξησης της επένδυσης και συνιστάται να τις διατηρείτε για διάστημα πέντε έως επτά ετών τουλάχιστον.

Ακίνητα

Μπορείτε να επενδύσετε σε ακίνητα είτε με απευθείας αγορά είτε μέσω τίτλων ακινήτων και εταιρείες επενδύσεων σε ακίνητα (Real Estate Investment Trusts – REITS), με μετοχές σε επενδύσεις ακινήτων. Στους τομείς επένδυσης συγκαταλέγονται τα ακίνητα εμπορικής χρήσης, λιανικής πώλησης, τα ξενοδοχεία και τα βιομηχανικά ακίνητα. Μπορείτε να επενδύσετε σε ακίνητα σε τοπικό και διεθνές επίπεδο. Τα ακίνητα θεωρούνται στοιχεία ενεργητικού αύξησης της επένδυσης και συνιστάται να τα διατηρείτε για διάστημα πέντε έως επτά ετών τουλάχιστον.

Εναλλακτικές επενδύσεις

Άλλες ενδιαφέρουσες κατηγορίες ενεργητικού είναι τα ιδιωτικά μετοχικά κεφάλαια, τα κερδοσκοπικά αμοιβαία κεφάλαια, οι υποδομές, οι αναδυόμενες αγορές, ο χρυσός και άλλα βασικά προϊόντα, τα υλικά και οι αγροτικές επιχειρήσεις (αγροτικές επενδύσεις). Μια επένδυση θεωρείται εναλλακτική όταν το επενδυτικό ιστορικό της είναι σχετικά περιορισμένο, τα χαρακτηριστικά της είναι σαφώς διαφοροποιημένα από τα χαρακτηριστικά οποιασδήποτε παραδοσιακής κατηγορίας ενεργητικού, η διαχείρισή της απαιτεί τις δεξιότητες ειδικού και δεν περιλαμβάνεται συνήθως στα χαρτοφυλάκια επενδύσεων. Ανάλογα με το συγκεκριμένο στοιχείο ενεργητικού, εναλλακτική επένδυση μπορεί να είναι ένα στοιχείο ενεργητικού αύξησης της επένδυσης ή ένα συντηρητικό στοιχείο ενεργητικού.

Τα ποικίλα στοιχεία ενεργητικού που κατέχει ένας επενδυτής συνιστούν το χαρτοφυλάκιο επενδύσεων. Κατά κανόνα, ο διαμοιρασμός των χρημάτων σας σε διαφορετικές κατηγορίες ενεργητικού μειώνει τον κίνδυνο να σημειώσει χαμηλή απόδοση το συνολικό χαρτοφυλάκιό σας – αυτό ονομάζεται διασπορά κινδύνου.

Η διασπορά κινδύνου μπορεί να μειώσει την αστάθεια της απόδοσης σε ό,τι αφορά το χαρτοφυλάκιό σας (δηλαδή τις αυξομειώσεις των τιμών). Έχει στόχο τη διαχείριση της απόδοσης του χαρτοφυλακίου σας σε μεσοπρόθεσμο έως μακροπρόθεσμο διάστημα.

Μια άλλη έξυπνη επενδυτική τεχνική για τη διαχείριση της αστάθειας της αγοράς είναι η εφαρμογή της στρατηγικής αυξομείωσης θέσης (Dollar-Cost Averaging – DCA) (ο επενδυτής τοποθετεί ίσα ποσά στα χαρτοφυλάκιά του σε μηνιαία βάση), με την οποία αξιοποιούνται πραγματικά οι εξαιρετικές ευκαιρίες αγοράς που παρουσιάζονται κατά τις περιόδους αστάθειας. Οι στρατηγικές αυτού του είδους προσθέτουν αξία με παθητικό τρόπο στα χαρτοφυλάκια του πελάτη και αποδεικνύονται ιδιαίτερα ευεργετικές μόλις ανακάμψουν οι αγορές. Σε κάθε περίπτωση, εάν οι επενδυτές διατηρήσουν την επένδυσή τους κατά το προβλεπόμενο χρονικό πλαίσιο δεν θα έχουν κανέναν λόγο να φοβούνται την αστάθεια της αγοράς.

Αποδόσεις

Χάρη στην άμεση πρόσβαση στον λογαριασμό μετρητών σας, μπορείτε να κάνετε ανάληψη όποτε θέλετε και, γενικά, θεωρείται μια ασφαλής επένδυση. Η αξία του ίδιου χρηματικού ποσού που τοποθετείται σε τίτλους σταθερού επιτοκίου, μετοχές ή ακίνητα είναι πιθανό να αυξηθεί και να μειωθεί, αλλά και να αυξηθεί περισσότερο μακροπρόθεσμα, παρόλο που κάθε επένδυση είναι πιθανό να ενισχυθεί με διαφορετικά ποσά.

Οι αποδόσεις είναι τα κέρδη από τις επενδύσεις σας.

Ανάλογα με το πού τοποθετείτε τα χρήματά σας, οι αποδόσεις καταβάλλονται με πολλούς και διαφορετικούς τρόπους:

Μερίσματα (από μετοχές)
Ενοίκιο (από ακίνητα)
Τόκοι (από καταθέσεις μετρητών και τίτλους σταθερού επιτοκίου).
Η διαφορά ανάμεσα την τιμή που αγοράζετε και πωλείτε – κεφαλαιακά κέρδη και απώλειες.

Με ποιον τρόπο οι προμήθειες μειώνουν τις αποδόσεις των επενδύσεων

Η διαχείριση των επενδύσεων απαιτεί χρόνο και χρήμα, καθώς οι πάροχοι υπηρεσιών επιβάλλουν προμήθεια. Αυτό το κόστος μπορεί να μειώσει τις αποδόσεις που λαμβάνετε και θα πρέπει να ενημερωθείτε σχετικά πριν επενδύσετε.

Προστατεύστε τον εαυτό σας

Αποφύγετε τις αυτόκλητες προσφορές για επενδύσεις. Κάντε έλεγχο προτού επενδύσετε. Εάν εξετάζετε το ενδεχόμενο να δεχτείτε μια προσφορά επένδυσης, ζητήστε αμερόληπτη συμβουλή.

¿Qué se entiende por inversiones?

Un inversión es algo que se compra o en lo que se deposita dinero con el objetivo de obtener una rentabilidad. Existen cuatro grandes tipos de inversiones, también conocidas como «clases de activos»:

Acciones o renta variable: consisten en la adquisición de una participación en una empresa que, normalmente, proporciona pagos periódicos denominados «dividendos».
Efectivo: son ahorros que normalmente se depositan en un banco o caja de ahorros a cambio del pago de un interés periódico.
Inmuebles: se trata de inversiones en edificios físicos, ya sean comerciales o residenciales.
Títulos a tipo de interés fijo (también denominados «bonos»): son una fórmula en virtud de la cual se presta dinero a una empresa o gobierno a cambio de un tipo de interés garantizado al término de un plazo acordado.

También hay disponibles otros tipos de inversiones, entre ellas:

Divisas
Bienes coleccionables, como obras de arte y antigüedades
Materias primas, como aceite, café, maíz, caucho u oro
Contratos por diferencia, en los que se realizan apuestas sobre si determinadas acciones van a aumentar su valor o reducirlo

Efectivo

Mantener su dinero en efectivo y/o invertir en equivalentes de efectivo, como depósitos a plazo, le proporcionará un ingreso estable, regular y con poco riesgo en forma de pagos de intereses. El efectivo se considera un activo defensivo y lo normal es mantenerlo durante periodos de tiempo cortos, sin incluir por supuestos las reservas para emergencias.

Inversiones en renta fija

Las inversiones en renta fija pueden adoptar formas muy diversas, entre ellas bonos gubernamentales y corporativos, bonos del Tesoro, obligaciones, fideicomisos a tipo de interés fijo, letras bancarias, etc. Las inversiones a tipo de interés fijo pagan un interés regular al término de un plazo predeterminado. El tipo de interés y el nivel de riesgo variarán en función del tipo de inversión en renta fija. Las inversiones en renta fija se consideran un activo defensivo y suelen tener un plazo de inversión de entre uno y tres años.

Renta variable (acciones)

Una inversión en renta variable le proporciona un participación en una empresa y le da derecho a recibir una parte de los beneficios obtenidos por esta que comúnmente se denominan «dividendos». Por lo general, su rentabilidad tiene dos componentes: la revalorización (o depreciación) del capital e ingresos en forma de dividendos. La inversión en acciones internacionales entraña riesgo de divisas. Dado que el valor de las acciones puede aumentar o reducirse y se fija diariamente, se considera que comportan más riesgos que el efectivo o las inversiones en renta fija. Las acciones se consideran un activo de crecimiento y, por tanto, es recomendable mantenerlas durante un plazo de entre cinco y siete años.

Inmuebles

Puede invertir en inmuebles comprándolos directamente o adquiriendo títulos inmobiliarios y participaciones en SOCIMI (sociedades anónimas cotizadas de inversión inmobiliaria), que en esencia son acciones en inversiones inmobiliarias. Estos inmuebles pueden pertenecer a los sectores comercial, minorista hotelero e industrial y circunscribirse a los ámbitos local p internacional. Los inmuebles se consideran un activo de crecimiento y, por tanto, es recomendable mantenerlos durante un plazo de entre cinco y siete años.

Inversiones alternativas

Otras clases que merecen consideración son el private equity, los fondos de cobertura (hedge funds), las infraestructuras, los mercados emergentes, el oro y otras materias primas, los materiales y la agroindustria (o inversiones en bienes agrícolas). Una inversión suele considerarse alternativa si dispone de un historial de inversiones relativamente limitado, posee características claramente diferenciadas con respecto a cualquier otra clase de activos tradicional, requiere de competencias especializadas para su gestión, y no es común dentro de las carteras de inversión. Dependiendo del activo específico del que se ocupen, las inversiones alternativas pueden defensivas o de crecimiento.

Los diferentes activos que posee un inversor conforman su cartera de inversión. Por regla general, distribuir su dinero por diferentes clases de activos contribuye a reducir el riesgo de que el conjunto de su cartera experimente pérdidas, y a esta estrategia se la denomina «diversificación».

La diversificación puede reducir la volatilidad de su cartera (es decir, los aumentos y las caídas en su valor) y tiene por objetivo gestionar la rentabilidad de esta en el medio a largo plazo.

Otra técnica de inversión inteligente para gestionar la volatilidad del mercado es el «dollar cost averaging». Esta consiste en invertir cantidades idénticas en las carteras mensualmente y permite a los inversores aprovechar las excelentes oportunidades de compra que se presentan durante los periodos de volatilidad. Estas estrategias añaden valor a las carteras de los clientes de forma pasiva y ha demostrado ser muy rentables una vez que los mercados se recuperan. En cualquier caso, cuando los inversores mantienen sus inversiones durante el plazo temporal fijado inicialmente, no tienen por qué temer a la volatilidad de los mercados.

Rentabilidad

Una cuentaen efectivo con acceso instantáneo le permite retirar dinero siempre que quiera, y además suelen considerarse una inversión segura. Si ese mismo dinero que tiene en esa cuenta en efectivo se invierte en títulos renta fija, acciones o inmuebles, probablemente su valor aumentará y se reducirá por momentos, pero también es muy posible que crezca a largo plazo. No obstante, este se incrementará en diferentes grados en función del tipo de inversión del que se trate.

Las rentabilidades son los beneficios que se obtienen de una determinada inversión.

Dependiendo de dónde se deposite el dinero, esa rentabilidad puede proporcionarse de diversas formas:

Dividendos (en el caso de las acciones)
Rentas (en el caso de los inmuebles)
Intereses (en el caso de los depósitos en efectivo y los títulos de renta fija)
La diferencia entre el precio que usted paga y el precio al que vende se denomina «plusvalía» (si se ha incrementado) o «pérdida de capital» (si se ha reducido).

Las comisiones reducen la rentabilidad de las inversiones

La gestión de inversiones requiere tiempo y dinero, razón por la cual los proveedores de este servicio cobran una comisión por prestarlo. Puesto que este coste puede erosionar significativamente la rentabilidad que usted va a recibir, deberá informarse bien sobre él antes de invertir.

Protéjase

Evite cualquier oferta de inversión no solicitada. Infórmese antes de invertir. Si está considerando una oferta de inversión, busque asesoramiento imparcial.

Mik a befektetések?

A befektetés egy olyan dolog, amelyet megveszel, vagy amelybe befekteted a pénzed, hogy jövedelmező megtérülés legyen belőle. A befektetéseknek négy fő csoportjuk van, amelyeket „vagyonosztályoknak” nevezünk:

Részvények – részesedés vásárlása egy cégnél, általában rendszeres kifizetésért, úgynevezett osztalékért cserébe.
Készpénz – megtakarítás, amelyet általában banki vagy lakás-takarékpénztári számlába teszel be rendszeres kamatfizetésért cserébe.
Ingatlan – tényleges, kereskedelmi vagy lakossági épületbe történő befektetés.
Fix kamatlábú értékpapírok (kötvényeknek is nevezik őket) – egy vállalatnak vagy a kormánynak adod kölcsön a pénzed egy garantált összegért cserébe egy meghatározott határidő leteltével.

Vannak egyéb elérhető befektetések is, mint például:

Deviza
Gyűjtemények, mint a műtárgyak és a régiségek
Árucikkek, mint az olaj, a kávé, a kukorica, a gumi vagy az arany
Különbözeti szerződések, ahol a részvények értékének növekedésére vagy csökkenésére fogadhatsz

Készpénz

Ha készpénzben hagyod a pénzed és/vagy a készpénznek megfelelő dologba, mint a lekötött betét, fekteted be, az stabil, alacsony kockázatú, rendszeres bevételt biztosít kamatkifizetés formájában. A készpénz egy védelmi vagyon, amelyet általában rövid ideig tartanak fent, a vészhelyzeti készpénztartalékokat kivéve.

Fix kamatozású értékpapír

A fix kamatozású befektetéseknek több formája van, beleértve az állami és vállalati kötvényeket, kincstárjegyet, zálogleveleket, fix kamatozású letéteket, bankjegyeket stb. A fix kamatozású befektetések rendszeres kamatkifizetést biztosítanak egy meghatározott időszak után. A kamatláb és a kockázati szint a fix kamatozású befektetés típusától függően változik. A fix kamatozású befektetés védelmi vagyonnak minősül, és egy és három év között van a befektetési időkerete.

Részvények

A részvénybe fektetés résztulajdont biztosít egy cégben, illetve jogosult leszel a nyereség egy részének megszerzésére, amelyet osztaléknak nevezünk. A nyereségek közé tartozik a tőkenövekedés (vagy -csökkenés), valamint az osztalék jelentette bevétel. A nemzetközi részvényekbe való fektetés devizakockázattal jár. Mivel a részvények értéke emelkedhet és csökkenhet, és erről naponta jelentés készül, kockázatosabbnak minősül, mint a készpénz vagy a fix kamatozású befektetés. A részvények növekedési vagyonnak minősülnek, és ajánlott a részvényeket legalább öt-hét évig megtartani.

Ingatlan

Fektethetsz ingatlanba akár közvetlen vásárláson, akár ingatlanokkal kapcsolatos értékpapírokon és ingatlanbefektetési alapokon keresztül, amelyek ingatlanbefektetési részvények. A szektorok közé tartozik a kereskedelmi, kiskereskedelmi, szállodai és ipari ingatlan. Fektethetsz helyi és nemzetközi ingatlanba is. Az ingatlan növekedési vagyonnak minősül, és ajánlott legalább öt-hét évig megtartani.

Alternatív befektetések

Megfontolás tárgyát képezhetik még olyan más eszközosztályok is, mint a magántőke-befektetés, a fedezeti alapok, az infrastrukturális befektetések, a feltörekvő piaci befektetések, az arany és más árupiaci termékek, nyersanyagok és a mezőgazdaság (mezőgazdasági beruházások). Egy befektetést általában akkor tekintünk alternatívnak, ha viszonylag limitált a befektetési története, világosan elkülönülő jegyei vannak a hagyományos vagyonosztályokhoz képest, szakértői készségekre van szükség a kezeléséhez, és tipikusan nem gyakori a befektetési portfóliókban. Az adott vagyontól függően az alternatívák minősülhetnek növekedési vagy védelmi vagyonnak is.

Egy befektető által birtokolt különböző vagyonok képezik a befektetési portfóliót. Általános szabályként elmondható, hogy a pénzed megosztása különböző vagyonosztályok között segít csökkenteni a teljes portfóliód alulteljesítésének kockázatát – ezt nevezzük diverzifikációnak.

A diverzifikáció csökkentheti a portfóliód ingadozását (az érték emelkedését és csökkenését). Célja, hogy kezelje a portfóliód nyereségét közép-hosszú távon.

Egy másik okos befektetési technika a piac ingadozásának kezelésére, amikor a befektetők a „fix összegű részvényvétel” stratégiát alkalmazzák (egyforma összegeket fektetnek a portfóliójukba havi szinten), valójában kiváló vásárlási lehetőségeket használnak ki, amelyeket az ingadozási periódusban kínálnak. Ezek a stratégiák passzívan adnak hozzá értéket az ügyfél portfóliójához, és nagyon hasznosnak bizonyulnak a piacok helyreállásakor. Minden esetre, ha a befektetők kitartják a befektetésüket a célzott időkeretig, nem lesz okuk félni a piac ingadozásától.

Nyereségek

Azonnal hozzáférhető készpénzszámlával akkor vehetsz ki pénzt, amikor szeretnél, és ez általában biztonságos befektetésnek minősül. Ha ugyanezt az összeget fix kamatozású értékpapírokba, részvényekbe vagy ingatlanba fekteted, az értéke nagyobb valószínűséggel emelkedik és esik, de hosszabb távon növekszik, bár minden esetben különböző mértékben.

A nyereség az a hozam, amelyet a befektetéseid után kapsz.

Attól függően, hogy mibe rakod a pénzed, különböző módokon kerülhet kifizetésre:

Osztalék (részvényekből)
Bérleti díj (ingatlanokból)
Kamat (készpénzletétekből és fix kamatozású értékpapírokból).
Az általad a vásárláskor fizetett és az eladáskor kapott összeg közötti különbség eredményezi – a tőkenövekedést vagy -csökkenést.

Hogyan csökkentik a díjak a befektetési nyereségeket

A befektetések kezeléséhez időre és pénzre van szükség, és a szolgáltatók ezért díjat számítanak fel. Ez a költség csökkentheti a nyereséget, amelyet megkapsz, és erre érdemes rákérdezni befektetés előtt.

Védd meg önmagad

Kerüld el a kéretlen befektetési ajánlatokat. Ellenőrizz befektetés előtt. Ha fontolóra veszel egy befektetési ajánlatot, kérj pártatlan tanácsot.

What are investments?

Investments are something you buy or put your money into to get a profitable return. There are four main types of investment, known as ‘asset classes’:

Shares or Equities – purchasing a stake in a company usually in return for regular payments called dividends.
Cash – savings you would ordinarily deposit with a bank or building society account in return for a regular interest payment.
Property – investing in a physical building, whether commercial or residential.
Fixed interest securities (also called bonds) - you loan your money to a company or government in return for a guaranteed rate at the end of an agreed term.

There are other types of investments available too, including:

Foreign currency
Collectibles, such as art and antiques
Commodities like oil, coffee, corn, rubber or gold
Contracts for difference, where you bet on shares gaining or losing value

Cash

Leaving your money in cash and/or investing in cash’s equivalent such as term deposits will provide you with a stable, low risk regular income in the form of interest payments. Cash is considered a defensive asset and would usually be held for a short time period, excluding any emergency cash reserves.

Fixed Interest

Fixed interest investments come in many forms including government and corporate bonds, Treasury notes, debentures, fixed interest trusts, bank bills etc. Fixed interest investments pay you a regular interest payment over a fixed term. The interest rate and level of risk will vary depending on the type of fixed interest investment. Fixed interest is considered a defensive asset and has a one to three-year investment time frame.

Equities (Shares)

Investing in equities gives you part ownership in a company and the right to receive a portion of the profits, commonly referred to as dividends. Returns will usually include capital growth (or loss), and income through dividends. Investing in international shares introduces currency risk. As the value of shares can go up or down and are reported daily, they are considered to be riskier than cash or fixed interest. Shares are considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold shares for at least five to seven years.

Property

You can invest in property either via directly purchasing or via property securities and Real Estate Investment Trusts, which are shares in property investments. Sectors include commercial, retail, hotel and industrial property. You can invest in both Local and International property. Property is considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold them for at least five to seven years.

Alternative investments

Other asset classes to consider are private equity, hedge funds, infrastructure, emerging markets, gold and other commodities, materials and Agribusiness (Agricultural Investments). An investment is usually considered alternative if it has a relatively limited investment history, has clearly differentiated features from any traditional asset class, requires specialist skills to manage and is typically not common in investment portfolios. Depending on the specific asset, alternatives can be considered either a growth or defensive asset.

The various assets owned by an investor make up an investment portfolio. As a general rule, spreading your money between the different types of asset classes helps lower the risk of your overall portfolio underperforming – this is called diversification.

Diversification can reduce the volatility of your portfolio (the value going up and down). It aims to manage the returns on your portfolio over the medium to long term.

Another smart investing technique to manage market volatility is where investors utilise a ‘dollar-cost-averaging’ strategy (investing equal amounts into their portfolios on a monthly basis) actually take advantage of excellent buying opportunities that are presented during periods of volatility. Such strategies passively add value to client’s portfolios and prove very beneficial when markets recover. In any case, if investors hold their investment to their intended timeframe they won’t have any reason to fear market volatility.

Returns

With an instant access cash account, you can withdraw money whenever you like, and it’s generally considered a secure investment. The same money put into fixed interest securities, shares or property is likely to rise and fall in value but increase more over the longer term, although each is likely to grow by different amounts.

Returns are the profit you earn from your investments.

Depending on where you put your money it could be paid in several different ways:

Dividends (from shares)
Rent (from properties)
Interest (from cash deposits and fixed interest securities).
The difference between the price you pay and the price you sell for – capital gains or losses.

How fees reduce investment returns

Managing investments takes time and money and service providers will charge a fee. This cost can eat into the returns you’ll receive and it’s something you should ask about before you invest.

Protect yourself

Avoid unsolicited investment offers. Before investing check. If you’re considering an investment offer, seek impartial advice.

The content of this article does not constitute individual financial advice.

Que sont les investissements ?

Les investissements représentent un achat ou une somme d’argent investie pour recevoir un rendement rentable. Il y a quatre types d’investissements principaux, appelés catégories d’actifs :

Actions ou titres - achat de parts d’une société, généralement en retour de paiement réguliers, appelés dividendes ;
Liquidités - économies qui sont généralement versées sur un compte en banque contre un paiement d’intérêts régulier ;
Bien immobilier - investissement dans une propriété physique, qu’elle soit commerciale ou résidentielle ;
Titres à revenu fixe (également appelés obligations) - emprunt auprès d’une société ou du gouvernement en retour d’un taux garanti à la fin d’une période convenue.

D’autres types d’investissements sont également disponibles, notamment :

Devises étrangères
Objets de collection (art, antiquités)
Matières premières (pétrole, café, maïs, caoutchouc ou or)
Contrats de différence, où vous misez sur le gain ou la perte de valeur d’actions

Liquidités

Garder votre argent en liquidités et/ou investir dans des valeurs en liquidités, comme les dépôts à terme, vous assurera un revenu régulier et stable à faible risque sous forme de paiements d’intérêts. Les liquidités sont considérées comme un actif défensif, généralement conservé à court terme, à l’exception des réserves de trésorerie d’urgence.

Intérêts fixes

Les investissements à taux fixe se présentent sous diverses formes, notamment les obligations d’État et d’entreprise, les bons du Trésor, les obligations, les trusts à taux fixe, les bons de banque, etc. Les investissements à taux fixe vous paient des intérêts réguliers pendant une période déterminée. Le taux d’intérêt et le niveau de risque varient en fonction du type d’investissement à taux fixe. Considérés comme des actifs défensifs, les intérêts fixes sont généralement associés à des investissements de un à trois ans.

Titres (actions)

En investissant dans des titres, vous acquérez des parts dans une société et le droit de recevoir une partie des bénéfices, couramment appelés dividendes. Les rendements incluent généralement une croissance (ou diminution) du capital et un revenu par le biais de dividendes. Les investissements dans des actions internationales introduisent le risque lié aux devises. Tandis que la valeur des actions peut augmenter ou diminuer, et font l’objet de rapports journaliers, elles sont considérées comme étant plus risquées que les espèces ou les intérêts fixes. Les actions sont considérées comme des actifs de croissance et il est recommandé de les conserver pendant cinq à sept ans minimum.

Biens immobiliers

Vous pouvez investir dans des biens immobiliers, soit en les achetant directement, soit par le biais de valeurs immobilières et de sociétés civiles de placement immobilier (des parts dans des placements immobiliers). Cela inclut les biens immobiliers commerciaux, hôteliers, industriels et de vente au détail. Vous pouvez investir dans des biens immobiliers locaux et internationaux. Les biens immobiliers sont considérés comme des actifs de croissance et il est recommandé de les conserver pendant cinq à sept ans minimum.

Investissements alternatifs

Les autres catégories d’actifs à prendre en considération incluent, notamment, les fonds privés, les fonds spéculatifs, l’infrastructure, les marchés émergents, l’or et autres matières premières, les matériaux et l’agroalimentaire (investissements agricoles). Un investissement est généralement considéré comme alternatif lorsqu’il est relativement récent, présente des caractéristiques très distinctes de toute autre catégorie d’actifs traditionnelle, lorsque sa gestion exige des compétences spécialisées et lorsqu’il n’est généralement pas courant dans les portefeuilles d’investissements. Selon l’actif en question, les investissements alternatifs peuvent être considérés comme des actifs de croissance ou défensifs.

Les différents actifs détenus par un investisseur constituent son portefeuille d’investissements. En règle générale, le fait de répartir votre argent entre différents types de catégories d’actifs contribue à réduire le risque de rendement insuffisant de votre portefeuille global. C’est ce que l’on appelle la diversification.

La diversification peut réduire la volatilité de votre portefeuille (fluctuations à la hausse ou à la baisse de sa valeur). Elle vise à gérer les rendements de votre portefeuille sur le moyen à long terme.

Une autre technique de placement intelligente pour gérer la volatilité du marché consiste à utiliser une stratégie d’investissement programmé (ou « dollar-cost-averaging », soit l’investissement de sommes égales dans le portefeuille tous les mois) afin de tirer profit des excellentes opportunités d’achat qui se présentent lors des périodes de volatilité. Ces stratégies ajoutent passivement de la valeur aux portefeuilles des clients et s’avèrent très avantageuses lors de la reprise des marchés. Dans tous les cas, si les investisseurs conservent leurs placements pour la durée prévue, ils n’auront aucune raison de craindre la volatilité du marché.

Rendement

Généralement considéré comme un investissement sûr, un compte de trésorerie à accès immédiat vous permet de retirer de l’argent quand bon vous semble. La même somme d’argent placée dans des titres à taux fixe, des actions ou des biens immobiliers est susceptible de gagner et de perdre de la valeur, mais d’augmenter davantage à plus long terme, même si chaque somme augmentera probablement d’un montant différent.

Les rendements sont les bénéfices que vous rapportent vos investissements.

En fonction de votre placement, ils peuvent être payés de différentes manières :

dividendes (pour les actions) ;
loyer (pour les biens immobiliers) ;
intérêts (pour les dépôts de liquidités et les titres à taux fixe).
La différence entre le prix d'achat et le prix de vente : gains ou pertes de capital.

Frais réduisant le rendement des investissements

La gestion des investissements demande du temps et de l’argent et les prestataires de services vous factureront des honoraires. Ces coûts peuvent réduire les rendements que vous recevrez. Il est donc important de se renseigner sur ce point avant d’investir.

Protégez-vous

Évitez les offres d’investissement spontanées. Procédez à des vérifications avant d’investir. Demandez toujours des conseils impartiaux lorsque vous considérez une offre d’investissement.

Was sind Investitionen?

Investitionen sind etwas, das Sie erwerben oder in das Sie Ihr Geld stecken, um eine profitable Rendite zu erzielen. Man unterscheidet zwischen vier grundlegenden Investitionsformen, auch „Anlagekategorien“ genannt:

Aktien oder Dividendenpapiere – Erwerb einer Unternehmensbeteiligung, bei der üblicherweise regelmäßige Zahlungen, die sogenannten Dividenden, ausgeschüttet werden.
Bargeld – Ersparnisse, die Sie auf ein Bankkonto oder in einen Bausparvertrag einzahlen und für die Sie im Gegenzug regelmäßige Zinszahlungen erhalten.
Immobilien – Investition in ein Gebäudeobjekt, entweder zur kommerziellen Nutzung oder als Wohnimmobilie.
Festverzinsliche Wertpapiere (auch Anleihen genannt) – Sie leihen Ihr Geld einem Unternehmen oder einem Staat und erhalten dafür am Ende einer festgelegten Laufzeit einen garantierten Zins.

Es werden noch weitere Anlageformen angeboten, unter anderem:

Fremdwährung
Sammelobjekte, zum Beispiel Kunst oder Antiquitäten
Rohstoffe wie Öl, Kaffee, Mais, Kautschuk oder Gold
Differenzkontrakte, bei denen Sie darauf wetten, ob Aktien an Wert gewinnen oder verlieren

Bargeld

Geldmittel in Form von Bargeld und/oder die Investition in Barmitteläquivalente wie Festgeld bieten Ihnen ein krisenfestes, risikoarmes und regelmäßiges Einkommen durch Zinszahlungen. Bargeld gilt als defensive Anlage und wird mit Ausnahme von Reserven für den Notfall üblicherweise nur über kurze Zeiträume gehalten.

Festzins

Festverzinsliche Anlageformen gibt es viele: Staats- und Unternehmensanleihen, Schatzbriefe, Obligationen, festverzinsliche Fonds und Bankwechsel, um nur einige zu nennen. Festverzinsliche Anlagen zahlen über eine festgelegte Laufzeit regelmäßige Zinsen aus. Je nach Art der festverzinslichen Anlage variieren Zinssatz und Risikostufe. Festverzinsliche Anlagen gelten als defensiv und laufen über ein bis drei Jahre.

Dividendenpapiere (Aktien)

Durch eine Investition in Aktien erwerben Sie Eigentumsanteile an einem Unternehmen und damit auch das Recht, am Gewinn beteiligt zu werden. Diese Gewinnbeteiligungen werden üblicherweise als Dividenden bezeichnet. Die Rendite setzt sich im Allgemeinen aus dem Kapitalzuwachs (oder Wertverlust) und den Dividendenzahlungen zusammen. Die Investition in internationale Aktien birgt ein Wechselkursrisiko. Da der Wert der Aktien steigen oder fallen kann und täglich neu vermeldet wird, gelten Aktien im Vergleich zu Bargeld oder Festzinsanlagen als riskanter. Aktien gelten als Wachstumswerte. Es wird empfohlen, dass Sie Aktien über einen Zeitraum von mindestens fünf bis sieben Jahren halten.

Immobilien

In Immobilien können Sie entweder durch den direkten Erwerb eines Objekts investieren oder über Immobilientitel und -fonds, d. h. über Anteile von Immobilieninvestitionen. Zu den Immobiliensparten gehören zum Beispiel gewerbliche Immobilien, Einzelhandelsobjekte, Hotelobjekte und gewerbliches Eigentum. Sie können sowohl in lokale als auch in internationale Objekte investieren. Immobilien gelten als Wachstumswerte. Es wird empfohlen, dass Sie sie über einen Zeitraum von mindestens fünf bis sieben Jahren halten.

Alternative Investitionen

Weitere überlegenswerte Anlagekategorien sind außerbörsliche Unternehmensbeteiligungen, Hedge-Fonds, Infrastruktur, Schwellenmärkte, Gold und andere Rohstoffe und Materialien sowie Investitionen in die Agrarwirtschaft, die eine Vielzahl von Anlagemöglichkeiten umfassen können. Eine Investition wird üblicherweise als alternativ bezeichnet, wenn sie eine relativ kurze Investitionsgeschichte aufweist, sich hinsichtlich ihrer Merkmale deutlich von traditionellen Anlagekategorien abhebt, für ihre Verwaltung fachliche Kompetenzen erfordert und in Anlageportfolios normalerweise nur selten zu finden ist. Je nach spezifischer Anlage können alternative Investitionen als Wachstumswerte oder defensive Anlagen eingestuft werden.

Die verschiedenen Anlagegüter im Besitz eines Investors werden in ihrer Gesamtheit als Anlageportfolio bezeichnet. Im Regelfall mindert eine breite Streuung Ihrer Finanzmittel unter den verschiedenen Anlagekategorien das Risiko, dass sich Ihr gesamtes Portfolio unterdurchschnittlich entwickelt – diese Vorgehensweise nennt man Diversifizierung.

Diversifizierung kann die Volatilität (das Schwanken der Anlagewerte) reduzieren. Sie zielt darauf ab, die Rendite Ihres Portfolios mittel- bis langfristig zu steuern.

Eine weitere kluge Investitionsmethode zur Bewältigung der Marktvolatilität ist die Nutzung des „Durchschnittskosteneffekts“ – eine Strategie, bei der Investoren monatlich einen gleichbleibenden Betrag in ihr Portfolio investieren. Dadurch nutzen sie die ausgezeichneten Akquisitionschancen, die sich in Zeiten schwankender Werte bieten. Derartige Strategien sorgen für eine passive Wertsteigerung von Portfolios und erweisen sich bei einer Erholung der Märkte als äußerst vorteilhaft. Wenn Investoren ihre Investitionen bis zum Ende der beabsichtigten Laufzeit halten, brauchen sie die Volatilität des Marktes nicht zu fürchten.

Renditen

Bei einem Geldkonto, auf das Sie unmittelbaren Zugriff haben, können Sie zu jedem beliebigen Zeitpunkt Geld abheben. Ein Geldkonto gilt allgemein als sichere Anlage. Investieren Sie denselben Geldbetrag in festverzinsliche Wertpapiere, Aktien oder Immobilien, wird deren Wert höchstwahrscheinlich zu- und wieder abnehmen, langfristig aber steigen – je nach Anlageform in unterschiedlicher Höhe.

Unter Rendite versteht man den Gewinn, den Sie mit Ihren Investitionen erwirtschaften.

Je nachdem, wo Sie Ihr Geld investieren, wird Ihre Rendite auf unterschiedliche Weise ausgezahlt:

Dividenden (bei Aktien)
Miete (bei Immobilien)
Zinsen (bei Bargeldeinlagen und festverzinslichen Wertpapieren).
Die Differenz zwischen dem Preis, den Sie bezahlen, und dem Preis, zu dem Sie verkaufen, heißt Kapitalgewinn bzw.Kapitalverlust.

Wie Gebühren die Investitionsrendite schmälern

Die Verwaltung von Investitionen kostet Zeit und Geld. Daher erheben Dienstleister eine Gebühr. Diese Gebühr kann die Rendite, die Sie erhalten, schmälern. Sie sollten sich also diesbezüglich informieren, bevor Sie eine Investition tätigen.

Schützen Sie sich

Meiden Sie unaufgefordert an Sie herangetragene Investitionsangebote. Überprüfen Sie Angebote, bevor Sie investieren. Wenn Sie ein Investitionsangebot in Betracht ziehen, holen Sie neutralen Rat ein.

Cosa sono gli investimenti?

Gli investimenti possono essere definiti come qualcosa che acquisti o in cui metti del denaro per ottenere un maggiore profitto. Esistono quattro tipologie principali di investimento, note come “classi di attività finanziaria”:

Quote o azioni: acquisto di una quota di partecipazione in un’azienda in genere a fronte di pagamenti regolari detti dividendi.
Contanti: i risparmi depositati normalmente in banca o in un istituto di credito immobiliare a fronte di un versamento regolare degli interessi .
Immobili: investimenti in edifici, a scopo commerciale o residenziale.
Titoli a reddito fisso (altrimenti detti obbligazioni): prestiti di denaro ad un’azienda o ad un governo a fronte di un tasso garantito allo scadere di un termine concordato.

Esistono anche altri tipi di investimenti disponibili, tra cui:

Valuta estera
Oggetti da collezione, come opere d’arte e di antiquariato.
Materie prime come olio, caffè, granoturco, gomma od oro
Contratti differenziali, con cui si punta su azioni che possono perdere o acquistare valore

Contanti

Lasciare il denaro in contanti e/o investire in mezzi equivalenti come depositi a termine, ti fornirà un reddito regolare e stabile, a basso rischio, sotto forma di versamenti degli interessi. I contanti sono considerati un bene difensivo e in genere vengono tenuti per un breve periodo, eccetto eventuali riserve di liquidità d’emergenza.

Interesse fisso

Gli investimenti ad interesse fisso possono essere di vario genere, tra cui obbligazioni industriali e titoli di Stato, buoni del Tesoro, obbligazioni non garantite, trust ad interesse fisso, cambiali bancarie, ecc. Con gli investimenti ad interesse fisso, il pagamento degli interessi viene versato regolarmente per un tempo determinato. Il tasso d’interesse e il livello di rischio variano in base alla tipologia d’investimento ad interesse fisso. L’interesse fisso è considerato un bene difensivo ed ha un orizzonte temporale d’investimento da uno a tre anni.

Azioni (quote)

Investire in azioni conferisce la titolarità di una quota della società ed il diritto di ricevere una parte dei profitti, comunemente detti dividendi. Tra i più comuni tipi di rendimento, possiamo citare la crescita (o perdita) del capitale e il reddito attraverso i dividendi. Investire in azioni internazionali espone al rischio valutario. Visto che il valore delle azioni può salire o scendere, e ciò viene riportato quotidianamente, le azioni sono ritenute più rischiose dei contanti o dell’interesse fisso. Le azioni sono considerate un bene in crescita e si consiglia di tenerle per almeno 5-7 anni.

Immobili

Puoi investire in immobili sia tramite acquisti diretti o titoli immobiliari quotati e fondi comuni di investimento immobiliare, che non sono altro che quote di investimenti immobiliari. Tra i vari tipi di immobili possiamo citare quelli commerciali, industriali, per commercio al dettaglio e hotel. Puoi investire sia in immobili locali che internazionali. Gli immobili sono considerati un bene in crescita e si consiglia di tenerli per almeno 5-7 anni.

Investimenti alternativi

Altre categorie di investimento da considerare sono private equity, fondi speculativi, infrastrutture, mercati emergenti, oro ed altre materie prime, materiali e Agribusiness (investimenti agricoli). Normalmente, un investimento è considerato alternativo se possiede una storia relativamente limitata, se ha caratteristiche chiaramente differenziate da qualsiasi altra forma d’investimento tradizionale, se per la gestione richiede le competenze di un esperto e se in genere non è usuale trovarlo nei portafogli di investimenti. In base allo specifico bene considerato, le alternative possono essere ritenute un investimento difensivo o in crescita.

I vari beni detenuti da un investitore costituiscono il portafoglio di investimenti. Di norma, suddividere il denaro in varie tipologie di categorie d’investimento contribuisce ad abbassare il rischio di avere un portafoglio complessivo poco efficiente, e ciò si chiama diversificazione.

La diversificazione può ridurre la volatilità del portafoglio (il valore che sale e scende). Lo scopo è quello di gestire i rendimenti sul portafoglio a medio e lungo termine.

Un’altra tecnica d'investimento intelligente per gestire la volatilità del mercato è la strategia con “copertura di borsa” (investire mensilmente importi equivalenti nei propri portafogli) che gli investitori usano approfittando di eccellenti opportunità di acquisto che emergono nei periodi di volatilità. Queste strategie aggiungono valore in modo passivo ai portafogli del cliente e risulteranno molto vantaggiose quando i mercati si risollevano. In ogni caso, se gli investitori mantengono l’investimento per l’arco di tempo previsto non hanno motivo di temere la volatilità del mercato.

Rendimento

Grazie ad un conto di cassa ad accesso immediato, puoi ritirare soldi quando vuoi e, in genere, questo è ritenuto un investimento sicuro. È probabile che lo stesso importo di denaro investito in titoli a tasso fisso, azioni o immobili, aumenti o perda valore, ma aumenterà maggiormente a più lungo termine, benché sia probabile che gli aumenti abbiano importi diversi.

Il rendimento è il profitto che si ottiene dagli investimenti.

Puoi ricevere il rendimento in vari modi, in base al tipo d'investimento:

Dividendi (da azioni)
Affitto (da immobili)
Interessi (da depositi in contanti o da titoli a interesse fisso).
La differenza tra il prezzo che si paga e quello a cui si vende: plusvalenze o minusvalenze.

In che modo gli oneri riducono il rendimento degli investimenti?

Gestire gli investimenti richiede tempo e denaro e chi fornisce questo servizio addebita un onere. Questo costo può erodere il rendimento che ti spetta ed è bene informarsi prima di investire.

Proteggiti

Evita proposte d’investimento non richieste. Prima d’investire, effettua delle verifiche. Se stai prendendo in considerazione una proposta d’investimento, avvaliti di una consulenza imparziale.

Que sont les investissements ?

Les investissements représentent un achat ou une somme d’argent investie pour recevoir un rendement rentable. Il y a quatre types d’investissements principaux, appelés catégories d’actifs :

Actions ou titres - achat de parts d’une société, généralement en retour de paiement réguliers, appelés dividendes ;
Liquidités - économies qui sont généralement versées sur un compte en banque contre un paiement d’intérêts régulier ;
Bien immobilier - investissement dans une propriété physique, qu’elle soit commerciale ou résidentielle ;
Titres à revenu fixe (également appelés obligations) - emprunt auprès d’une société ou du gouvernement en retour d’un taux garanti à la fin d’une période convenue.

D’autres types d’investissements sont également disponibles, notamment :

Devises étrangères
Objets de collection (art, antiquités)
Matières premières (pétrole, café, maïs, caoutchouc ou or)
Contrats de différence, où vous misez sur le gain ou la perte de valeur d’actions

Liquidités

Garder votre argent en liquidités et/ou investir dans des valeurs en liquidités, comme les dépôts à terme, vous assurera un revenu régulier et stable à faible risque sous forme de paiements d’intérêts. Les liquidités sont considérées comme un actif défensif, généralement conservé à court terme, à l’exception des réserves de trésorerie d’urgence.

Intérêts fixes

Les investissements à taux fixe se présentent sous diverses formes, notamment les obligations d’État et d’entreprise, les bons du Trésor, les obligations, les trusts à taux fixe, les bons de banque, etc. Les investissements à taux fixe vous paient des intérêts réguliers pendant une période déterminée. Le taux d’intérêt et le niveau de risque varient en fonction du type d’investissement à taux fixe. Considérés comme des actifs défensifs, les intérêts fixes sont généralement associés à des investissements de un à trois ans.

Titres (actions)

En investissant dans des titres, vous acquérez des parts dans une société et le droit de recevoir une partie des bénéfices, couramment appelés dividendes. Les rendements incluent généralement une croissance (ou diminution) du capital et un revenu par le biais de dividendes. Les investissements dans des actions internationales introduisent le risque lié aux devises. Tandis que la valeur des actions peut augmenter ou diminuer, et font l’objet de rapports journaliers, elles sont considérées comme étant plus risquées que les espèces ou les intérêts fixes. Les actions sont considérées comme des actifs de croissance et il est recommandé de les conserver pendant cinq à sept ans minimum.

Biens immobiliers

Vous pouvez investir dans des biens immobiliers, soit en les achetant directement, soit par le biais de valeurs immobilières et de sociétés civiles de placement immobilier (des parts dans des placements immobiliers). Cela inclut les biens immobiliers commerciaux, hôteliers, industriels et de vente au détail. Vous pouvez investir dans des biens immobiliers locaux et internationaux. Les biens immobiliers sont considérés comme des actifs de croissance et il est recommandé de les conserver pendant cinq à sept ans minimum.

Investissements alternatifs

Les autres catégories d’actifs à prendre en considération incluent, notamment, les fonds privés, les fonds spéculatifs, l’infrastructure, les marchés émergents, l’or et autres matières premières, les matériaux et l’agroalimentaire (investissements agricoles). Un investissement est généralement considéré comme alternatif lorsqu’il est relativement récent, présente des caractéristiques très distinctes de toute autre catégorie d’actifs traditionnelle, lorsque sa gestion exige des compétences spécialisées et lorsqu’il n’est généralement pas courant dans les portefeuilles d’investissements. Selon l’actif en question, les investissements alternatifs peuvent être considérés comme des actifs de croissance ou défensifs.

Les différents actifs détenus par un investisseur constituent son portefeuille d’investissements. En règle générale, le fait de répartir votre argent entre différents types de catégories d’actifs contribue à réduire le risque de rendement insuffisant de votre portefeuille global. C’est ce que l’on appelle la diversification.

La diversification peut réduire la volatilité de votre portefeuille (fluctuations à la hausse ou à la baisse de sa valeur). Elle vise à gérer les rendements de votre portefeuille sur le moyen à long terme.

Une autre technique de placement intelligente pour gérer la volatilité du marché consiste à utiliser une stratégie d’investissement programmé (ou « dollar-cost-averaging », soit l’investissement de sommes égales dans le portefeuille tous les mois) afin de tirer profit des excellentes opportunités d’achat qui se présentent lors des périodes de volatilité. Ces stratégies ajoutent passivement de la valeur aux portefeuilles des clients et s’avèrent très avantageuses lors de la reprise des marchés. Dans tous les cas, si les investisseurs conservent leurs placements pour la durée prévue, ils n’auront aucune raison de craindre la volatilité du marché.

Rendement

Généralement considéré comme un investissement sûr, un compte de trésorerie à accès immédiat vous permet de retirer de l’argent quand bon vous semble. La même somme d’argent placée dans des titres à taux fixe, des actions ou des biens immobiliers est susceptible de gagner et de perdre de la valeur, mais d’augmenter davantage à plus long terme, même si chaque somme augmentera probablement d’un montant différent.

Les rendements sont les bénéfices que vous rapportent vos investissements.

En fonction de votre placement, ils peuvent être payés de différentes manières :

dividendes (pour les actions) ;
loyer (pour les biens immobiliers) ;
intérêts (pour les dépôts de liquidités et les titres à taux fixe).
La différence entre le prix d'achat et le prix de vente : gains ou pertes de capital.

Frais réduisant le rendement des investissements

La gestion des investissements demande du temps et de l’argent et les prestataires de services vous factureront des honoraires. Ces coûts peuvent réduire les rendements que vous recevrez. Il est donc important de se renseigner sur ce point avant d’investir.

Protégez-vous

Évitez les offres d’investissement spontanées. Procédez à des vérifications avant d’investir. Demandez toujours des conseils impartiaux lorsque vous considérez une offre d’investissement.

Cosa sono gli investimenti?

Gli investimenti possono essere definiti come qualcosa che acquisti o in cui metti del denaro per ottenere un maggiore profitto. Esistono quattro tipologie principali di investimento, note come “classi di attività finanziaria”:

Quote o azioni: acquisto di una quota di partecipazione in un’azienda in genere a fronte di pagamenti regolari detti dividendi.
Contanti: i risparmi depositati normalmente in banca o in un istituto di credito immobiliare a fronte di un versamento regolare degli interessi .
Immobili: investimenti in edifici, a scopo commerciale o residenziale.
Titoli a reddito fisso (altrimenti detti obbligazioni): prestiti di denaro ad un’azienda o ad un governo a fronte di un tasso garantito allo scadere di un termine concordato.

Esistono anche altri tipi di investimenti disponibili, tra cui:

Valuta estera
Oggetti da collezione, come opere d’arte e di antiquariato.
Materie prime come olio, caffè, granoturco, gomma od oro
Contratti differenziali, con cui si punta su azioni che possono perdere o acquistare valore

Contanti

Lasciare il denaro in contanti e/o investire in mezzi equivalenti come depositi a termine, ti fornirà un reddito regolare e stabile, a basso rischio, sotto forma di versamenti degli interessi. I contanti sono considerati un bene difensivo e in genere vengono tenuti per un breve periodo, eccetto eventuali riserve di liquidità d’emergenza.

Interesse fisso

Gli investimenti ad interesse fisso possono essere di vario genere, tra cui obbligazioni industriali e titoli di Stato, buoni del Tesoro, obbligazioni non garantite, trust ad interesse fisso, cambiali bancarie, ecc. Con gli investimenti ad interesse fisso, il pagamento degli interessi viene versato regolarmente per un tempo determinato. Il tasso d’interesse e il livello di rischio variano in base alla tipologia d’investimento ad interesse fisso. L’interesse fisso è considerato un bene difensivo ed ha un orizzonte temporale d’investimento da uno a tre anni.

Azioni (quote)

Investire in azioni conferisce la titolarità di una quota della società ed il diritto di ricevere una parte dei profitti, comunemente detti dividendi. Tra i più comuni tipi di rendimento, possiamo citare la crescita (o perdita) del capitale e il reddito attraverso i dividendi. Investire in azioni internazionali espone al rischio valutario. Visto che il valore delle azioni può salire o scendere, e ciò viene riportato quotidianamente, le azioni sono ritenute più rischiose dei contanti o dell’interesse fisso. Le azioni sono considerate un bene in crescita e si consiglia di tenerle per almeno 5-7 anni.

Immobili

Puoi investire in immobili sia tramite acquisti diretti o titoli immobiliari quotati e fondi comuni di investimento immobiliare, che non sono altro che quote di investimenti immobiliari. Tra i vari tipi di immobili possiamo citare quelli commerciali, industriali, per commercio al dettaglio e hotel. Puoi investire sia in immobili locali che internazionali. Gli immobili sono considerati un bene in crescita e si consiglia di tenerli per almeno 5-7 anni.

Investimenti alternativi

Altre categorie di investimento da considerare sono private equity, fondi speculativi, infrastrutture, mercati emergenti, oro ed altre materie prime, materiali e Agribusiness (investimenti agricoli). Normalmente, un investimento è considerato alternativo se possiede una storia relativamente limitata, se ha caratteristiche chiaramente differenziate da qualsiasi altra forma d’investimento tradizionale, se per la gestione richiede le competenze di un esperto e se in genere non è usuale trovarlo nei portafogli di investimenti. In base allo specifico bene considerato, le alternative possono essere ritenute un investimento difensivo o in crescita.

I vari beni detenuti da un investitore costituiscono il portafoglio di investimenti. Di norma, suddividere il denaro in varie tipologie di categorie d’investimento contribuisce ad abbassare il rischio di avere un portafoglio complessivo poco efficiente, e ciò si chiama diversificazione.

La diversificazione può ridurre la volatilità del portafoglio (il valore che sale e scende). Lo scopo è quello di gestire i rendimenti sul portafoglio a medio e lungo termine.

Un’altra tecnica d'investimento intelligente per gestire la volatilità del mercato è la strategia con “copertura di borsa” (investire mensilmente importi equivalenti nei propri portafogli) che gli investitori usano approfittando di eccellenti opportunità di acquisto che emergono nei periodi di volatilità. Queste strategie aggiungono valore in modo passivo ai portafogli del cliente e risulteranno molto vantaggiose quando i mercati si risollevano. In ogni caso, se gli investitori mantengono l’investimento per l’arco di tempo previsto non hanno motivo di temere la volatilità del mercato.

Rendimento

Grazie ad un conto di cassa ad accesso immediato, puoi ritirare soldi quando vuoi e, in genere, questo è ritenuto un investimento sicuro. È probabile che lo stesso importo di denaro investito in titoli a tasso fisso, azioni o immobili, aumenti o perda valore, ma aumenterà maggiormente a più lungo termine, benché sia probabile che gli aumenti abbiano importi diversi.

Il rendimento è il profitto che si ottiene dagli investimenti.

Puoi ricevere il rendimento in vari modi, in base al tipo d'investimento:

Dividendi (da azioni)
Affitto (da immobili)
Interessi (da depositi in contanti o da titoli a interesse fisso).
La differenza tra il prezzo che si paga e quello a cui si vende: plusvalenze o minusvalenze.

In che modo gli oneri riducono il rendimento degli investimenti?

Gestire gli investimenti richiede tempo e denaro e chi fornisce questo servizio addebita un onere. Questo costo può erodere il rendimento che ti spetta ed è bene informarsi prima di investire.

Proteggiti

Evita proposte d’investimento non richieste. Prima d’investire, effettua delle verifiche. Se stai prendendo in considerazione una proposta d’investimento, avvaliti di una consulenza imparziale.

Was sind Investitionen?

Investitionen sind etwas, das Sie erwerben oder in das Sie Ihr Geld stecken, um eine profitable Rendite zu erzielen. Man unterscheidet zwischen vier grundlegenden Investitionsformen, auch „Anlagekategorien“ genannt:

Aktien oder Dividendenpapiere – Erwerb einer Unternehmensbeteiligung, bei der üblicherweise regelmäßige Zahlungen, die sogenannten Dividenden, ausgeschüttet werden.
Bargeld – Ersparnisse, die Sie auf ein Bankkonto oder in einen Bausparvertrag einzahlen und für die Sie im Gegenzug regelmäßige Zinszahlungen erhalten.
Immobilien – Investition in ein Gebäudeobjekt, entweder zur kommerziellen Nutzung oder als Wohnimmobilie.
Festverzinsliche Wertpapiere (auch Anleihen genannt) – Sie leihen Ihr Geld einem Unternehmen oder einem Staat und erhalten dafür am Ende einer festgelegten Laufzeit einen garantierten Zins.

Es werden noch weitere Anlageformen angeboten, unter anderem:

Fremdwährung
Sammelobjekte, zum Beispiel Kunst oder Antiquitäten
Rohstoffe wie Öl, Kaffee, Mais, Kautschuk oder Gold
Differenzkontrakte, bei denen Sie darauf wetten, ob Aktien an Wert gewinnen oder verlieren

Cash

Geldmittel in Form von Bargeld und/oder die Investition in Barmitteläquivalente wie Festgeld bieten Ihnen ein krisenfestes, risikoarmes und regelmäßiges Einkommen durch Zinszahlungen. Bargeld gilt als defensive Anlage und wird mit Ausnahme von Reserven für den Notfall üblicherweise nur über kurze Zeiträume gehalten.

Festzins

Festverzinsliche Anlageformen gibt es viele: Staats- und Unternehmensanleihen, Schatzbriefe, Obligationen, festverzinsliche Fonds und Bankwechsel, um nur einige zu nennen. Festverzinsliche Anlagen zahlen über eine festgelegte Laufzeit regelmäßige Zinsen aus. Je nach Art der festverzinslichen Anlage variieren Zinssatz und Risikostufe. Festverzinsliche Anlagen gelten als defensiv und laufen über ein bis drei Jahre.

Dividendenpapiere (Aktien)

Durch eine Investition in Aktien erwerben Sie Eigentumsanteile an einem Unternehmen und damit auch das Recht, am Gewinn beteiligt zu werden. Diese Gewinnbeteiligungen werden üblicherweise als Dividenden bezeichnet. Die Rendite setzt sich im Allgemeinen aus dem Kapitalzuwachs (oder Wertverlust) und den Dividendenzahlungen zusammen. Die Investition in internationale Aktien birgt ein Wechselkursrisiko. Da der Wert der Aktien steigen oder fallen kann und täglich neu vermeldet wird, gelten Aktien im Vergleich zu Bargeld oder Festzinsanlagen als riskanter. Aktien gelten als Wachstumswerte. Es wird empfohlen, dass Sie Aktien über einen Zeitraum von mindestens fünf bis sieben Jahren halten.

Immobilien

In Immobilien können Sie entweder durch den direkten Erwerb eines Objekts investieren oder über Immobilientitel und -fonds, d. h. über Anteile von Immobilieninvestitionen. Zu den Immobiliensparten gehören zum Beispiel gewerbliche Immobilien, Einzelhandelsobjekte, Hotelobjekte und gewerbliches Eigentum. Sie können sowohl in lokale als auch in internationale Objekte investieren. Immobilien gelten als Wachstumswerte. Es wird empfohlen, dass Sie sie über einen Zeitraum von mindestens fünf bis sieben Jahren halten.

Alternative Investitionen

Weitere überlegenswerte Anlagekategorien sind außerbörsliche Unternehmensbeteiligungen, Hedge-Fonds, Infrastruktur, Schwellenmärkte, Gold und andere Rohstoffe und Materialien sowie Investitionen in die Agrarwirtschaft, die eine Vielzahl von Anlagemöglichkeiten umfassen können. Eine Investition wird üblicherweise als alternativ bezeichnet, wenn sie eine relativ kurze Investitionsgeschichte aufweist, sich hinsichtlich ihrer Merkmale deutlich von traditionellen Anlagekategorien abhebt, für ihre Verwaltung fachliche Kompetenzen erfordert und in Anlageportfolios normalerweise nur selten zu finden ist. Je nach spezifischer Anlage können alternative Investitionen als Wachstumswerte oder defensive Anlagen eingestuft werden.

Die verschiedenen Anlagegüter im Besitz eines Investors werden in ihrer Gesamtheit als Anlageportfolio bezeichnet. Im Regelfall mindert eine breite Streuung Ihrer Finanzmittel unter den verschiedenen Anlagekategorien das Risiko, dass sich Ihr gesamtes Portfolio unterdurchschnittlich entwickelt – diese Vorgehensweise nennt man Diversifizierung.

Diversifizierung kann die Volatilität (das Schwanken der Anlagewerte) reduzieren. Sie zielt darauf ab, die Rendite Ihres Portfolios mittel- bis langfristig zu steuern.

Eine weitere kluge Investitionsmethode zur Bewältigung der Marktvolatilität ist die Nutzung des „Durchschnittskosteneffekts“ – eine Strategie, bei der Investoren monatlich einen gleichbleibenden Betrag in ihr Portfolio investieren. Dadurch nutzen sie die ausgezeichneten Akquisitionschancen, die sich in Zeiten schwankender Werte bieten. Derartige Strategien sorgen für eine passive Wertsteigerung von Portfolios und erweisen sich bei einer Erholung der Märkte als äußerst vorteilhaft. Wenn Investoren ihre Investitionen bis zum Ende der beabsichtigten Laufzeit halten, brauchen sie die Volatilität des Marktes nicht zu fürchten.

Renditen

Bei einem Geldkonto, auf das Sie unmittelbaren Zugriff haben, können Sie zu jedem beliebigen Zeitpunkt Geld abheben. Ein Geldkonto gilt allgemein als sichere Anlage. Investieren Sie denselben Geldbetrag in festverzinsliche Wertpapiere, Aktien oder Immobilien, wird deren Wert höchstwahrscheinlich zu- und wieder abnehmen, langfristig aber steigen – je nach Anlageform in unterschiedlicher Höhe.

Unter Rendite versteht man den Gewinn, den Sie mit Ihren Investitionen erwirtschaften.

Je nachdem, wo Sie Ihr Geld investieren, wird Ihre Rendite auf unterschiedliche Weise ausgezahlt:

Dividenden (bei Aktien)
Miete (bei Immobilien)
Zinsen (bei Bargeldeinlagen und festverzinslichen Wertpapieren).
Die Differenz zwischen dem Preis, den Sie bezahlen, und dem Preis, zu dem Sie verkaufen, heißt Kapitalgewinn bzw.Kapitalverlust.

Wie Gebühren die Investitionsrendite schmälern

Die Verwaltung von Investitionen kostet Zeit und Geld. Daher erheben Dienstleister eine Gebühr. Diese Gebühr kann die Rendite, die Sie erhalten, schmälern. Sie sollten sich also diesbezüglich informieren, bevor Sie eine Investition tätigen.

Schützen Sie sich

Meiden Sie unaufgefordert an Sie herangetragene Investitionsangebote. Überprüfen Sie Angebote, bevor Sie investieren. Wenn Sie ein Investitionsangebot in Betracht ziehen, holen Sie neutralen Rat ein.

什麼是投資?

投資是購買或投放資金，來獲得可觀的收益。主要的投資類型有四種 (也稱為“資產類別”)：

股票/股份 – 認購公司股票/股份通常以定期付款（稱為股息）作為報酬。
現金 – 把錢存入銀行帳戶，報酬為定期獲得利息。
房地產 – 投資於實體建築，無論是商業用或住宅用。
固定收益證券（也稱為債券）– 借錢給公司或政府，在約定到期時的獲取保證的利率。

其他投資類型包括：

外匯
收藏品，如：藝術品和古董
原物料，如：石油、咖啡、玉米、橡膠或黃金
差價合約，投資人預期股票價值增加或減少

現金

現金或與現金等價的投資（如: 定期存款），報酬為利息支付，提供您穩定、低風險的定期現金流入。現金(不包含緊急準備金)被視為防禦性資產，為短期投資工具。

固定收益

固定收益投資有多種形式，包括：政府公債和公司債、國庫券、固定利率信託、銀行票據等。固定收益投資在固定期間支付利息。利率和風險水平將取決於固定收益投資的類型。固定利息被視為一種防禦性資產，投資期間為一到三年。

股利(股份)

投資股票可以擁有公司股份的部分所有權，並可獲得部分的利潤（通常稱為股息）。報酬通常包括資本增長（或虧損）及股息收益。投資海外股票會帶來匯率風險。由於股票的價格波動隨時上升或下降且每日都有交易量/價格報告，因此股票比現金或固定收益的風險來的大。股票被視為增長資產，建議股票持有期間為五至七年。

房地產投資

人們可以藉由直接購買，或透過房地產證券與房地產投資信託來投資房地產。產業可能包括商業、零售、飯店和工業產權。您也可以投資國內和國外房地產。房地產投資被視為增長資產，建議持有期間為五至七年。

另類投資

另一種資產類別涵蓋廣泛的投資機會。主要項目包括：私募股權、避險基金、基礎設施、新興市場、黃金和其他商品、原物料和農業投資。若一項投資工具有別於傳統資產類別的特徵，需要專業技能進行管理且在一般的投資組合中不常見，這類型的工具則被視為另類投資。根據資產類型的不同，另類投資可以被視為增長性資產或防禦性資產。

投資人持有的各種資產能構成一個投資組合。一般而言，將資產分散在不同類型的資產類別，能降低整體投資組合的風險 – 這稱為分散風險。

分散風險可以降低投資組合的波動性（價值上升和下降），目的是管理中/長期投資組合的收益。

管理市場波動的另一種投資技巧為利用“平均成本”策略（也就是定期定額投資）。這種策略可被動地為個人的投資組合增加價值，且在市場復甦時，效果是非常顯著的。無論如何，投資人設立投資的預期時間/期限，沒有理由需要擔心市場的波動。

報酬

您可以從活存帳戶中隨時提取現金，這通常被認為是安全的投資。投資固定收益證券、股票或房地產，價格可能會升值或跌落，儘管增漲幅度可能不同，但從長遠來看資產會增加。

報酬是您從投資中獲得的利潤。

根據您資產放置的方式不同，報酬也會有所不同：

股息（來自股票）
租金（來自房地產）
利息（來自活期存款和定存）
資本損益 – 買賣之間的價差

投資的成本

管理投資需要時間和錢且銀行或投資顧問等服務商會收取額外的費用。在投資前，應詢問所有可能產生的費用。

保護自己

避免他人主動提供的投資機會。在您考慮此類型投資要約前，請尋求他人/第三方公正的建議。

What are investments?

Investments are something you buy or put your money into to get a profitable return. There are four main types of investment, known as ‘asset classes’:

Shares or Equities – purchasing a stake in a company usually in return for regular payments called dividends.
Cash – savings you would ordinarily deposit with a bank or building society account in return for a regular interest payment.
Property – investing in a physical building, whether commercial or residential.
Fixed interest securities (also called bonds) - you loan your money to a company or government in return for a guaranteed rate at the end of an agreed term.

There are other types of investments available too, including:

Foreign currency
Collectibles, such as art and antiques
Commodities like oil, coffee, corn, rubber or gold
Contracts for difference, where you bet on shares gaining or losing value

Cash

Leaving your money in cash and/or investing in cash’s equivalent such as term deposits will provide you with a stable, low risk regular income in the form of interest payments. Cash is considered a defensive asset and would usually be held for a short time period, excluding any emergency cash reserves.

Fixed Interest

Fixed interest investments come in many forms including government and corporate bonds, Treasury notes, debentures, fixed interest trusts, bank bills etc. Fixed interest investments pay you a regular interest payment over a fixed term. The interest rate and level of risk will vary depending on the type of fixed interest investment. Fixed interest is considered a defensive asset and has a one to three-year investment time frame.

Equities (Shares)

Investing in equities gives you part ownership in a company and the right to receive a portion of the profits, commonly referred to as dividends. Returns will usually include capital growth (or loss), and income through dividends. Investing in international shares introduces currency risk. As the value of shares can go up or down and are reported daily, they are considered to be riskier than cash or fixed interest. Shares are considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold shares for at least five to seven years.

Property

You can invest in property either via directly purchasing or via property securities and Real Estate Investment Trusts, which are shares in property investments. Sectors include commercial, retail, hotel and industrial property. You can invest in both Local and International property. Property is considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold them for at least five to seven years.

Alternative investments

Another asset class to consider is the which can cover a wide range of investment opportunities. The major categories include private equity, hedge funds, infrastructure, emerging markets, gold and other commodities, materials and Agribusiness (Agricultural Investments). An investment is usually considered alternative if it has a relatively limited investment history, has clearly differentiated features from any traditional asset class, requires specialist skills to manage and is typically not common in investment portfolios. Depending on the specific asset, alternatives can be considered either a growth or defensive asset.

Diversification and investment volatility

The various assets owned by an investor make up an investment portfolio. As a general rule, spreading your money between the different types of asset classes helps lower the risk of your overall portfolio underperforming – this is called diversification.

Diversification can reduce the volatility of your portfolio (the value going up and down). It aims to manage the returns on your portfolio over the medium to long term.

Another smart investing technique to manage market volatility is where investors utilise a ‘dollar-cost-averaging’ strategy (investing equal amounts into their portfolios on a monthly basis) actually take advantage of excellent buying opportunities that are presented during periods of volatility. Such strategies passively add value to client’s portfolios and prove very beneficial when markets recover. In any case, if investors hold their investment to their intended timeframe they will have less reason to fear short term market volatility.

Returns

With an instant access cash account, you can withdraw money whenever you like, and it’s generally considered a secure investment. The same money put into fixed interest securities, shares or property is likely to rise and fall in value but increase more over the longer term, although each is likely to grow by different amounts.

Returns are the profit you earn from your investments (which could potentially be positive or negative).

Depending on where you put your money it could be paid in several different ways:

Dividends (from shares)
Rent (from properties)
Interest (from cash deposits and fixed interest securities).
The difference between the price you pay and the price you sell for – capital gains or losses.

How fees reduce investment returns

Managing investments takes time and money and service providers will charge a fee. This cost can eat into the returns you’ll receive and it’s something you should ask about before you invest.

Protect yourself

Avoid unsolicited investment offers. Before investing check. If you’re considering an investment offer, seek impartial advice.

The content of this article does not constitute individual financial advice. Aon can’t provide personalised investment advice or make personalised recommendations – we therefore suggest that you speak to an authorised financial adviser if you want to understand any of these concepts in the context of your personal situation.

What are investments?

Investments are something you buy or put your money into to get a profitable return. There are four main types of investment, known as ‘asset classes’:

Shares or Equities – purchasing a stake in a company usually in return for regular payments called dividends.
Cash – savings you would ordinarily deposit with a bank or building society account in return for a regular interest payment.
Property – investing in a physical building, whether commercial or residential.
Fixed interest securities (also called bonds) - you loan your money to a company or government in return for a guaranteed rate at the end of an agreed term.

There are other types of investments available too, including:

Foreign currency
Collectibles, such as art and antiques
Commodities like oil, coffee, corn, rubber or gold
Contracts for difference, where you bet on shares gaining or losing value

Cash

Leaving your money in cash and/or investing in cash’s equivalent such as term deposits will provide you with a stable, low risk regular income in the form of interest payments. Cash is considered a defensive asset and would usually be held for a short time period, excluding any emergency cash reserves.

Fixed Interest

Fixed interest investments come in many forms including government and corporate bonds, Treasury notes, debentures, fixed interest trusts, bank bills etc. Fixed interest investments pay you a regular interest payment over a fixed term. The interest rate and level of risk will vary depending on the type of fixed interest investment. Fixed interest is considered a defensive asset and has a one to three-year investment time frame.

Equities (Shares)

Investing in equities gives you part ownership in a company and the right to receive a portion of the profits, commonly referred to as dividends. Returns will usually include capital growth (or loss), and income through dividends. Investing in international shares introduces currency risk. As the value of shares can go up or down and are reported daily, they are considered to be riskier than cash or fixed interest. Shares are considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold shares for at least five to seven years.

Property

You can invest in property either via directly purchasing or via property securities and Real Estate Investment Trusts, which are shares in property investments. Sectors include commercial, retail, hotel and industrial property. You can invest in both Local and International property. Property is considered a growth asset and it is recommended that you hold them for at least five to seven years.

Alternative investments

Another asset class to consider is the which can cover a wide range of investment opportunities. The major categories include private equity, hedge funds, infrastructure, emerging markets, gold and other commodities, materials and Agribusiness (Agricultural Investments). An investment is usually considered alternative if it has a relatively limited investment history, has clearly differentiated features from any traditional asset class, requires specialist skills to manage and is typically not common in investment portfolios. Depending on the specific asset, alternatives can be considered either a growth or defensive asset.

The various assets owned by an investor make up an investment portfolio. As a general rule, spreading your money between the different types of asset classes helps lower the risk of your overall portfolio underperforming – this is called diversification.

Diversification can reduce the volatility of your portfolio (the value going up and down). It aims to manage the returns on your portfolio over the medium to long term.

Another smart investing technique to manage market volatility is where investors utilise a ‘dollar-cost-averaging’ strategy (investing equal amounts into their portfolios on a monthly basis) actually take advantage of excellent buying opportunities that are presented during periods of volatility. Such strategies passively add value to client’s portfolios and prove very beneficial when markets recover. In any case, if investors hold their investment to their intended timeframe they won’t have any reason to fear market volatility.

Returns

With an instant access cash account, you can withdraw money whenever you like, and it’s generally considered a secure investment. The same money put into fixed interest securities, shares or property is likely to rise and fall in value but increase more over the longer term, although each is likely to grow by different amounts.

Returns are the profit you earn from your investments.

Depending on where you put your money it could be paid in several different ways:

Dividends (from shares)
Rent (from properties)
Interest (from cash deposits and fixed interest securities).
The difference between the price you pay and the price you sell for – capital gains or losses.

How fees reduce investment returns

Managing investments takes time and money and service providers will charge a fee. This cost can eat into the returns you’ll receive and it’s something you should ask about before you invest.

Protect yourself

Avoid unsolicited investment offers. Before investing check. If you’re considering an investment offer, seek impartial advice.

Disclaimer: The information is brought to you by Aon Vietnam Limited with its Establishment and Operation License No. 26/GP-KDBH . Aon Vietnam Limited is a licensed insurance broker regulated by the Ministry of Finance in Vietnam. The information does not take into account the specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs of any particular person who may be in receipt of the materials. Accordingly, it should not be relied on or treated as a substitute for specific advice concerning individual situations. Please seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs before you make a commitment to purchase an investment product. You are also recommended to obtain such other professional advice where appropriate. The information is provided in good faith and believed to be accurate as of the time of compilation. We do not undertake an obligation to update the materials or to correct any inaccuracy that may become apparent at a later time. You should always consult primary or more accurate or more up-to-date sources of information

Đầu tư là gì?

Đầu tư là thứ bạn mua hoặc bỏ tiền vào để có được lợi nhuận. Có bốn loại hình đầu tư chính, được gọi là ‘asset classes’:

Cổ phiếu hoặc Vốn chủ sở hữu - mua cổ phần trong một công ty để đổi lấy các khoản thanh toán thông thường được gọi là cổ tức.
Tiền mặt - tiền tiết kiệm bạn thường gửi vào ngân hàng hoặc tài khoản xã hội để đổi lấy khoản thanh toán lãi thường xuyên.
Tài sản - đầu tư vào một tòa nhà thương mại hay dân cư.
Chứng khoán lãi cố định (còn gọi là trái phiếu) - bạn cho một công ty hoặc chính phủ vay tiền của mình để đổi lấy lãi suất được bảo đảm khi kết thúc thời hạn đã thỏa thuận.

Có những loại đầu tư khác, bao gồm:

Ngoại tệ
Sưu tầm: nghệ thuật, đồ cổ,…
Hàng hóa như dầu, cà phê, bắp, cao su hay vàng
Hợp đồng chênh lệch, bạn đặt cược vào cổ phiếu tăng hoặc giảm giá trị

Tiền mặt

Giữ tiền mặt và / hoặc đầu tư vào những khoản tiền mặt tương đương như tiền gửi có kỳ hạn sẽ đem đến cho bạn thu nhập thường xuyên ổn định, rủi ro thấp dưới dạng thanh toán lãi. Tiền mặt được coi là một tài sản phòng thủ và thường được giữ trong một khoảng thời gian ngắn, không bao gồm bất kỳ khoản dự trữ tiền mặt khẩn cấp nào.

Lãi suất cố định

Đầu tư lãi cố định có nhiều hình thức bao gồm trái phiếu chính phủ và doanh nghiệp, trái phiếu kho bạc, ghi nợ, ủy thác lãi cố định, tín phiếu ngân hàng,… Đầu tư lãi cố định đem lại cho bạn một khoản thanh toán lãi thường xuyên trong một thời hạn cố định. Lãi suất và mức độ rủi ro sẽ thay đổi tùy thuộc vào loại đầu tư lãi cố định. Lãi cố định được coi là một tài sản phòng thủ và có khung thời gian đầu tư từ một đến ba năm.

Vốn chủ sở hữu (Cổ phần)

Đầu tư cổ phiếu mang lại cho bạn quyền sở hữu một phần trong một công ty và quyền nhận một phần lợi nhuận, thường được gọi là cổ tức. Lợi nhuận thường sẽ bao gồm tăng trưởng vốn (hoặc lỗ) và thu nhập thông qua cổ tức. Đầu tư cổ phiếu quốc tế có những rủi ro tiền tệ. Vì giá trị của cổ phiếu có thể tăng hoặc giảm và được báo cáo hàng ngày, chúng được coi là rủi ro hơn tiền mặt hoặc lãi cố định. Cổ phiếu được coi là một tài sản tăng trưởng và bạn nên giữ cổ phiếu trong ít nhất năm đến bảy năm.

Tài sản

Bạn có thể đầu tư vào bất động sản thông qua mua trực tiếp hoặc thông qua chứng khoán tài sản và Ủy thác đầu tư bất động sản, là những cổ phần trong đầu tư bất động sản. Những ngành này bao gồm thương mại, bán lẻ, khách sạn và sở hữu công nghiệp. Bạn có thể đầu tư vào cả tài sản địa phương và quốc tế. Đây được xem là một tài sản tăng trưởng và bạn nên giữ chúng trong ít nhất năm đến bảy năm.

Những cách đầu tư thay thế

Một loại tài sản khác có thể xem xét bao gồm một loạt các cơ hội đầu tư. Các danh mục chính bao gồm vốn cổ phần tư nhân, quỹ phòng hộ, cơ sở hạ tầng, thị trường mới nổi, vàng và các mặt hàng khác, vật liệu và kinh doanh nông nghiệp (Đầu tư nông nghiệp). Đầu tư thường được coi là thay thế nếu nó có lịch sử đầu tư tương đối hạn chế, có các đặc điểm khác biệt rõ ràng với bất kỳ loại tài sản truyền thống nào, đòi hỏi các kỹ năng chuyên môn để quản lý và thường không phổ biến trong danh mục đầu tư. Tùy thuộc vào tài sản cụ thể, các lựa chọn thay thế có thể được coi là tài sản tăng trưởng hoặc phòng thủ.

Các tài sản khác nhau thuộc sở hữu của một nhà đầu tư tạo thành danh mục đầu tư. Theo nguyên tắc chung, phân bổ tiền của bạn giữa các loại tài sản khác nhau giúp giảm rủi ro cho danh mục đầu tư tổng thể hoạt động kém - điều này được gọi là đa dạng hóa.

Đa dạng hóa có thể làm giảm sự biến động của danh mục đầu tư (giá trị tăng và giảm), nhằm mục đích quản lý lợi nhuận của danh mục đầu tư trung và dài hạn.

Một kỹ thuật đầu tư thông minh khác để quản lý biến động thị trường là khi các nhà đầu tư sử dụng chiến lược "trung bình chi phí đô la" (đầu tư số tiền bằng nhau vào danh mục đầu tư hàng tháng) thực sự tận dụng các cơ hội mua hàng tuyệt vời được đưa ra trong giai đoạn biến động. Các chiến lược như vậy sẽ tăng thêm giá trị cho danh mục đầu tư của khách hàng một cách thụ động và chứng minh rất có lợi khi thị trường phục hồi. Trong những trường hợp đó, nếu các nhà đầu tư giữ lại khoản đầu tư theo khung thời gian dự định, họ sẽ không lo sợ sự biến động của thị trường.

Lợi Nhuận

Với tài khoản tiền mặt tức thì, bạn có thể rút tiền bất cứ khi nào bạn muốn và đó thường được coi là một khoản đầu tư an toàn. Cùng một khoản tiền đó đưa vào chứng khoán lãi suất cố định, cổ phiếu hoặc tài sản có khả năng tăng và giảm giá trị nhưng tăng nhiều hơn trong dài hạn, mặc dù mỗi loại có khả năng tăng theo số tiền khác nhau.

Hoàn trả là lợi nhuận bạn kiếm được từ các khoản đầu tư của mình.

Tùy thuộc bạn để tiền vào đâu, nó sẽ được hoàn trả theo nhiều cách khác nhau:

Cổ tức (từ cổ phiếu)
Thuê (từ tài sản)
Lãi suất (từ tiền gửi và chứng khoán lãi cố định).
Chênh lệch giữa giá bạn trả và giá bạn bán - lãi hoặc lỗ vốn.

Chi phí làm giảm lợi nhuận đầu tư theo cách nào

Quản lý đầu tư cần có thời gian và tiền bạc và các nhà cung cấp dịch vụ sẽ thu phí. Chi phí này có thể ăn vào lợi nhuận mà bạn sẽ nhận được và đó là thứ bạn nên hỏi trước khi đầu tư.

Bảo vệ bản thân

Tránh những lời mời đầu tư không mong muốn, hãy kiểm tra trước khi đầu tư. Nếu bạn đang xem xét một đề nghị đầu tư, hãy tìm kiếm lời khuyên trung lập.

Tuyên bố miễn trừ trách nhiệm: Thông tin này được cung cấp bởi Công ty TNHH Aon Việt Nam với Giấy phép Thành lập và Hoạt động số 26/ GP-KDBH. Công ty TNHH Aon Việt Nam là công ty môi giới bảo hiểm được cấp giấy phép dưới sự quản lý của Bộ Tài chính tại Việt Nam. Các thông tin này không tính đến các mục tiêu đầu tư cụ thể, tình hình tài chính hoặc nhu cầu riêng biệt của bất kỳ đối tượng cụ thể nào nhận được tài liệu này. Theo đó, bạn không nên dựa vào hoặc coi tài liệu này như một phương thức thay thế cho sự tư vấn riêng biệt liên quan đến các tình huống cụ thể. Vui lòng tìm kiếm sự tư vấn từ chuyên gia cố vấn tài chính về sự phù hợp của bất kỳ sản phẩm đầu tư nào có tính đến các mục tiêu đầu tư cụ thể, tình hình tài chính hoặc nhu cầu riêng biệt của bạn trước khi bạn cam kết mua sản phẩm đầu tư. Bạn cũng nên có được sự tư vấn chuyên biệt khác khi cần thiết. Thông tin này được cung cấp dựa trên sự trung thực và được cho là chính xác vào thời điểm biên soạn. Chúng tôi không có nghĩa vụ phải cập nhật các tài liệu hoặc sửa chữa bất kỳ thông tin không chính xác nào là những thông tin được làm rõ sau này. Bạn luôn cần phải tham khảo các nguồn thông tin chính hoặc các thông tin chính xác hơn hoặc cập nhật hơn.

การลงทุนคืออะไร

การลงทุนคือสิ่งที่คุณซื้อหรือนำเงินไปลงทุนเพื่อให้ได้ผลตอบแทนที่มีกำไร การลงทุนมีสี่ประเภทหลักๆ ที่เรียกว่า 'กลุ่มของสินทรัพย์'

หุ้นหรือตราสารทุน - การซื้อหุ้นในบริษัท มักเป็นไปเพื่อแลกกับการจ่ายเงินเป็นประจำ เรียกว่าเงินปันผล
เงินสด - เงินออมที่คุณมักจะฝากในบัญชีของธนาคารหรือสถาบันการเงินเพื่อรับผลตอบแทนเป็นดอกเบี้ยประจำ
อสังหาริมทรัพย์ - การลงทุนในอาคารที่มีอยู่จริง ไม่ว่าจะเพื่อการค้าหรือเพื่ออยู่อาศัย
ตราสารหนี้ (หรือที่เรียกว่าพันธบัตร) - คุณให้บริษัทหรือรัฐบาลกู้เงิน แลกกับอัตราผลตอบแทนที่รับประกันเมื่อสิ้นสุดระยะเวลาที่ตกลงกันไว้

มีการลงทุนประเภทอื่นๆ ด้วย เช่น

เงินตราต่างประเทศ
ของสะสม เช่น งานศิลปะและวัตถุโบราณ
สินค้าโภคภัณฑ์ เช่น น้ำมัน กาแฟ ข้าวโพด ยางพารา หรือทองคำ
สัญญาซื้อขายส่วนต่างที่คุณเดิมพันในมูลค่ากำไรหรือขาดทุนของหุ้น

เงินสด

การปล่อยเงินของคุณไว้เป็นเงินสดและ/หรือการลงทุนที่เทียบเท่าเงินสด เช่น เงินฝากระยะยาว จะช่วยให้คุณมีรายได้ประจำที่มั่นคงและมีความเสี่ยงต่ำในรูปแบบของการจ่ายดอกเบี้ย เงินสดถือเป็นสินทรัพย์แบบตั้งรับและมักมีการถือครองในช่วงเวลาสั้นๆ ไม่รวมเงินสำรองฉุกเฉินใดๆ

ดอกเบี้ยคงที่

การลงทุนดอกเบี้ยคงที่มีหลายรูปแบบ รวมถึงพันธบัตรรัฐบาลและบรรษัท ตั๋วเงินคลัง หุ้นกู้ ทรัสต์ดอกเบี้ยคงที่ พันธบัตรธนาคาร ฯลฯ การลงทุนแบบดอกเบี้ยคงที่จะจ่ายดอกเบี้ยให้คุณเป็นประจำตามระยะเวลาที่กำหนด อัตราดอกเบี้ยและระดับความเสี่ยงจะแตกต่างกันไปตามประเภทของการลงทุนดอกเบี้ยคงที่ ดอกเบี้ยคงที่ถือว่าเป็นสินทรัพย์แบบตั้งรับและมีกรอบเวลาการลงทุนหนึ่งถึงสามปี

ตราสารทุน (หุ้น)

การลงทุนในหุ้นจะให้คุณเป็นเจ้าของส่วนหนึ่งในบริษัทและมีสิทธิ์รับผลกำไรบางส่วนซึ่งโดยปกติจะเรียกว่าเงินปันผล ผลตอบแทนมักจะรวมถึงการเติบโตของทุน (หรือขาดทุน) และรายได้ผ่านเงินปันผล การลงทุนในหุ้นต่างประเทศมีความเสี่ยงจากอัตราแลกเปลี่ยน เนื่องจากมูลค่าของหุ้นสามารถขึ้นหรือลงและมีการรายงานทุกวัน จึงถือว่ามีความเสี่ยงมากกว่าเงินสดหรือดอกเบี้ยคงที่ หุ้นถือเป็นสินทรัพย์ที่มีการเติบโต และขอแนะนำให้คุณถือหุ้นเป็นเวลาอย่างน้อยห้าถึงเจ็ดปี

อสังหาริมทรัพย์

คุณสามารถลงทุนในอสังหาริมทรัพย์ไม่ว่าจะเป็นการซื้อโดยตรงหรือผ่านกองทุนหลักทรัพย์อสังหาริมทรัพย์และทรัสต์เพื่อการลงทุนในอสังหาริมทรัพย์ ซึ่งเป็นหุ้นในการลงทุนด้านอสังหาริมทรัพย์ แบ่งออกเป็นภาคส่วนต่างๆ รวมถึงอสังหาริมทรัพย์เชิงพาณิชย์ การค้าปลีก โรงแรมและอุตสาหกรรม คุณสามารถลงทุนในอสังหาริมทรัพย์ทั้งในและต่างประเทศ อสังหาริมทรัพย์เป็นสินทรัพย์ที่มีการเติบโตและขอแนะนำให้คุณถือครองไว้เป็นเวลาอย่างน้อยห้าถึงเจ็ดปี

การลงทุนทางเลือก

สินทรัพย์กลุ่มอื่นที่ต้องพิจารณา ได้แก่ หุ้นเอกชน กองทุนบริหารความเสี่ยง (เฮดจ์ฟันด์) โครงสร้างพื้นฐาน ตลาดเกิดใหม่ ทองคำและสินค้าโภคภัณฑ์อื่นๆ วัสดุและธุรกิจการเกษตร (การลงทุนทางการเกษตร) มักจะถือว่าเป็นการลงทุนทางเลือกหากมีประวัติการลงทุนที่ค่อนข้างจำกัด มีคุณสมบัติที่แตกต่างอย่างชัดเจนจากหมวดสินทรัพย์แบบดั้งเดิมใดๆ ต้องใช้ทักษะความเชี่ยวชาญเฉพาะด้านในการจัดการ และปกติแล้วจะไม่เป็นรายการที่พบได้ทั่วไปในพอร์ตการลงทุน อาจพิจารณาทางเลือกว่าเป็นสินทรัพย์ที่มีการเติบโตหรือเป็นแบบตั้งรับก็ได้ ขึ้นอยู่กับสินทรัพย์นั้นๆ

สินทรัพย์ต่างๆ ที่เป็นของนักลงทุนประกอบขึ้นเป็นพอร์ตการลงทุน ตามกฎทั่วไป การกระจายเงินของคุณระหว่างสินทรัพย์กลุ่มต่างๆ จะช่วยลดความเสี่ยงต่อการสูญเสียศักยภาพของพอร์ตการลงทุนโดยรวมของคุณ ซึ่งเรียกว่าการกระจายความเสี่ยง

การกระจายความเสี่ยงสามารถลดความผันผวนของพอร์ตการลงทุนของคุณได้ (มูลค่ามีการแปรผันขึ้นลง) และมีจุดมุ่งหมายเพื่อจัดการผลตอบแทนสำหรับพอร์ตการลงทุนของคุณในระยะกลางถึงระยะยาว

อีกเทคนิคการลงทุนที่ชาญฉลาดในการจัดการความผันผวนของตลาดคือการที่นักลงทุนใช้กลยุทธ์ ‘ถัวเฉลี่ยต้นทุน’ (การลงทุนในปริมาณที่เท่าๆ กันในพอร์ตการลงทุนของตนเป็นรายเดือน) ใช้ประโยชน์จากโอกาสในการซื้อที่ยอดเยี่ยมที่นำเสนอในช่วงที่มีความผันผวน กลยุทธ์ดังกล่าวเพิ่มมูลค่าให้กับพอร์ตการลงทุนของลูกค้าในเชิงรับ และพิสูจน์ได้ว่ามีประโยชน์อย่างมากเมื่อตลาดฟื้นตัว ไม่ว่าในกรณีใดๆ หากนักลงทุนถือครองการลงทุนตามกรอบเวลาที่กำหนดไว้ พวกเขาจะไม่มีเหตุผลใดๆ ที่จะต้องกลัวความผันผวนของตลาด

ผลตอบแทน

ด้วยบัญชีเงินสดที่เข้าถึงได้ทันที คุณสามารถถอนเงินได้ทุกเมื่อที่ต้องการและโดยทั่วไปถือว่าเป็นการลงทุนที่ปลอดภัย เงินที่ลงทุนไปในหลักทรัพย์ดอกเบี้ยคงที่ หุ้น หรืออสังหาริมทรัพย์มีแนวโน้มที่มูลค่าจะผกผันขึ้นลง แต่เพิ่มขึ้นได้มากกว่าในระยะยาว แม้ว่าแต่ละอย่างมีแนวโน้มที่จะเติบโตเป็นจำนวนที่แตกต่างกัน

ผลตอบแทนคือผลกำไรที่คุณได้รับจากการลงทุนของคุณ

คุณอาจได้รับผลตอบแทนหลายวิธีดังต่อไปนี้ ขึ้นอยู่กับว่าคุณลงเงินของคุณกับการลงทุนใด

เงินปันผล (จากหุ้น)
ค่าเช่า (จากอสังหาริมทรัพย์)
ดอกเบี้ย (จากการฝากเงินสดและหลักทรัพย์ดอกเบี้ยคงที่)
ความแตกต่างระหว่างราคาที่คุณจ่ายและราคาที่คุณขาย กล่าวคือ กำไรหรือขาดทุนจากทุน

ค่าธรรมเนียมลดผลตอบแทนจากการลงทุนอย่างไร

การจัดการการลงทุนต้องใช้เวลาและเงิน และผู้ให้บริการจะคิดค่าธรรมเนียม ค่าใช้จ่ายนี้สามารถลดทอนผลตอบแทนที่คุณจะได้รับและเป็นสิ่งที่คุณควรถามก่อนตัดสินใจลงทุน

ป้องกันตัวเอง

หลีกเลี่ยงข้อเสนอการลงทุนที่ไม่ได้ร้องขอ ตรวจสอบก่อนตัดสินใจลงทุน หากคุณกำลังพิจารณาข้อเสนอการลงทุนให้ขอคำแนะนำที่เป็นกลาง

Vad är investeringar?

Investeringar är något du köper eller placerar dina pengar i för att få avkastning med vinst. Det finns fyra huvudsakliga typer av investeringar, vilka brukar kallas ”tillgångsklasser”:

Andelar eller aktier – köp av andelar i ett företag, vanligen i utbyte mot regelbundna utbetalningar som kallas utdelning.
Kontanter – besparingar som du vanligen skulle deponera på en bank eller ett hypoteksinstitut och få regelbundna ränteutbetalningar.
Egendom – investeringar i en fysisk byggnad, oavsett om den är för företagsbruk eller privat bruk.
Värdepapper med bunden ränta (kallas också obligationer) – du lånar ut pengar till ett företag eller en stat i utbyte mot en garanterad ränta i slutet av en överenskommen period.

Det finns också andra typer av investeringar, t.ex:

Utländsk valuta
Samlarföremål, till exempel konst och antikviteter
Råvaror som olja, kaffe, majs, gummi eller guld
CFD:er (Contracts for difference), där du satsar på att andelar ökar eller minskar i värde

Kontanter

Genom att spara i kontanter och/eller investera i kontantmotsvarigheter som inlåning med fast löptid får du en stabil, regelbunden lågriskinkomst i form av ränteutbetalningar. Kontakter betraktas som en defensiv tillgång och innehas oftast under en kort tidsperiod, exklusive kontantreserver för nödsituationer.

Fast ränta

Investeringar med bunden ränta finns i många former, till exempel stats- och företagsobligationer, statsobligationer, förlagsbevis, truster med bunden ränta, bankaccepter osv. Med investeringar med bunden ränta får du en regelbunden ränteinkomst under en fastställd period. Räntesatsen och risknivån varierar beroende på typen av investering med bunden ränta. Bunden ränta anses vara en defensiv tillgång och har en investeringstidsram på ett till tre år.

Aktier (andelar)

Investering i aktier ger dig delägarskap i ett företag och rätt till en del av vinsten, den s.k. utdelningen. Avkastningen inkluderar vanligen tillväxt (eller förlust) av kapital och inkomst genom utdelning. Investeringar i internationella aktier innebär en valutarisk. Eftersom värdet på aktierna kan gå upp eller ned och rapporteras dagligen anses de ha en högre risk än kontanter och bunden ränta. Andelar anses vara en tillväxttillgång och du rekommenderas inneha andelarna i minst fem till sju år.

Egendom

Du kan investera i egendom antingen genom direkt köp eller genom egendomsvärdepapper och fastighetsfonder (REIT), som är andelar i egendomsinvesteringar. Exempel på sektorer är handels-, detaljhandels-, hotell- och industriegendomar. Du kan investera i både lokal och internationell egendom. Egendom anses vara en tillväxttillgång och du rekommenderas inneha den i minst fem till sju år.

Alternativa investeringar

Andra tillgångsklasser att ta hänsyn till är privata aktiefonder, hedgefonder, infrastruktur, tillväxtmarknader, guld och andra råvaror, material och jordbruksföretag (investeringar i jordbruk). En investering betraktas vanligen som alternativ om den har en relativt begränsad investeringshistorik, tydligt differentierade egenskaper jämfört med traditionella tillgångsklasser, kräver specialistkunskaper för att hantera och i typfallet är ovanlig i investeringsportföljer. Beroende på den specifika tillgången kan alternativ anses vara antingen tillväxttillgångar eller defensiva tillgångar.

En investeringsportfölj utgörs av de olika tillgångar som ägs av en investerare. Att sprida pengarna mellan olika typer av tillgångsklasser bidrar generellt till att sänka risken för att portföljen som helhet underpresterar – detta kallas diversifiering.

Diversifiering kan minska portföljens volatilitet (det vill säga att värdet går upp och ned). Avsikten är att hantera avkastningen på din portfölj på medellång till lång sikt.

En annan smart investeringsteknik för att hantera volatilitet på marknaden är ”dollar-cost-averaging”, en snittningsstrategi som investerare använder (investering av lika stora belopp i deras portföljer på månadsbasis) och som utnyttjar fördelaktiga köpmöjligheter som uppstår under perioder som kännetecknas av volatilitet. Sådana strategier adderar passivt värde till kundens portföljer och är mycket fördelaktiga när marknaden återhämtar sig. Om investerare håller sig till den avsedda tidsramen vad gäller investeringarna har de i alla händelser inget skäl att frukta volatilitet på marknaden.

Avkastning

Med ett kontantkonto med omedelbar åtkomst kan du ta ut pengar när du vill, och det anses generellt vara en säker investering. Samma pengar som placeras i värdepapper med bunden ränta, andelar eller egendom kommer troligen att stiga och falla i värde, men öka mer på lång sikt, även om de sannolikt växer i olika utsträckning.

Avkastning är vinsten du får på dina investeringar.

De kan betalas ut på flera olika sätt, beroende på var du placerar dina pengar:

Utdelning (från andelar)
Hyra (från egendom)
Ränta (från kontantdepositioner och värdepapper med bunden ränta).
Skillnaden mellan priset du betalar och priset du säljer för – kapitalvinst eller -förlust.

Så här minskar avgifterna avkastningen på investeringen

Förvaltning av investeringar kostar tid och pengar, och tjänsteleverantörerna tar ut en avgift för det. Den här kostnaden kan minska din avkastning och det är något du bör fråga om innan du investerar.

Skydda dig själv

Undvik investeringserbjudanden som du inte har efterfrågat. Gör research innan du investerar. Sök opartisk rådgivning om du överväger ett investeringserbjudande.

Apa itu investasi?

Investasi adalah sesuatu yang Anda beli atau tanamkan uang Anda untuk mendapatkan laba yang menguntungkan. Ada empat jenis investasi utama, yang dikenal sebagai 'kelas aset':

Saham atau Ekuitas - membeli saham di perusahaan biasanya dengan imbalan pembayaran reguler yang disebut dividen.
Tabungan uang tunai yang biasanya Anda setor dengan rekening bank atau rekening keuangan lain dengan imbalan pembayaran bunga reguler.
Properti - berinvestasi dalam bangunan fisik, baik komersial atau perumahan atau tanah.
Sekuritas bunga tetap (juga disebut obligasi) - Anda meminjamkan uang Anda ke perusahaan atau pemerintah dengan imbalan kurs yang dijamin pada akhir jangka waktu yang disepakati.

Ada beberapa jenis investasi lain yang tersedia, termasuk:

Mata uang asing
Barang koleksi, seperti seni dan barang antik
Perkebunan
Peternakan
Komoditas seperti minyak, kopi, jagung, karet, atau emas
Contracts for Difference, di mana Anda bertaruh pada saham yang akan naik atau turun nilainya

Uang Tunai

Membiarkan uang Anda dalam bentuk tunai dan/atau berinvestasi dalam bentuk setara tunai seperti deposito akan memberi Anda penghasilan tetap yang stabil dan berisiko rendah dalam bentuk pembayaran bunga. Uang tunai dianggap sebagai aset defensif dan biasanya akan disimpan dalam waktu singkat, tidak termasuk cadangan uang tunai darurat.

Bunga Tetap

Investasi dengan bunga tetap terdiri dari berbagai bentuk termasuk obligasi pemerintah dan korporasi, surat berharga, surat utang, investasi bunga tetap, banknote, dll. Investasi bunga tetap membayar Anda pembayaran bunga reguler selama jangka waktu tertentu. Tingkat bunga dan tingkat risiko akan bervariasi tergantung pada jenis investasi dengan bunga tetap. Bunga tetap dianggap sebagai aset defensif dan memiliki jangka waktu investasi satu hingga tiga tahun.

Ekuitas (Saham)

Berinvestasi dalam ekuitas memberi Anda bagian kepemilikan dalam sebuah perusahaan dan hak untuk menerima sebagian dari keuntungan, yang biasa disebut sebagai dividen. Pengembalian biasanya akan mencakup pertumbuhan modal (atau kerugian), dan pendapatan melalui dividen. Berinvestasi dalam saham internasional menimbulkan risiko mata uang. Karena nilai saham dapat naik atau turun dan dilaporkan setiap hari, saham dianggap lebih berisiko daripada uang tunai atau bunga tetap. Saham dianggap sebagai aset pertumbuhan dan disarankan agar Anda menyimpan saham selama setidaknya lima hingga tujuh tahun. Investasi dalam ekuitas melalui reksa dana juga merupakan bagian dari kategori investasi ini.

Properti

Anda dapat berinvestasi dalam properti, baik melalui pembelian langsung atau melalui sekuritas properti dan Saham Investasi Real Estate, yang merupakan saham dalam investasi properti. Sektor mencakup properti komersial, ritel, hotel, dan industri. Anda dapat berinvestasi dalam properti lokal dan internasional. Properti dianggap sebagai aset pertumbuhan dan Anda disarankan untuk memegangnya setidaknya selama lima hingga tujuh tahun.

Investasi Alternatif

Kelas aset lain yang perlu dipertimbangkan adalah ekuitas swasta, dana lindung nilai, pasar negara berkembang, emas dan komoditas lain, bahan dan agribisnis (Investasi Pertanian). Investasi biasanya dianggap alternatif jika memiliki sejarah investasi yang relatif terbatas, memiliki fitur yang jelas berbeda dari kelas aset tradisional, memerlukan keterampilan khusus untuk mengelola dan biasanya tidak umum dalam portofolio investasi. Bergantung pada aset spesifik, aset alternatif dapat dianggap aset pertumbuhan atau defensif.

Berbagai aset yang dimiliki oleh investor membentuk portofolio investasi. Sebagai aturan umum, menyebarkan uang Anda di antara berbagai jenis kelas aset membantu menurunkan risiko keseluruhan portofolio Anda berkinerja buruk – ini disebut diversifikasi.

Diversifikasi dapat mengurangi volatilitas portofolio Anda (nilai naik dan turun). Ini bertujuan untuk mengelola hasil portofolio Anda dalam jangka menengah hingga panjang.

Teknik investasi cerdas lain untuk mengelola volatilitas pasar adalah di mana investor memanfaatkan strategi ‘dollar-cost-averaging’ (menginvestasikan jumlah yang sama ke dalam portofolio mereka setiap bulan) sebenarnya memanfaatkan peluang pembelian luar biasa yang disajikan selama periode volatilitas. Strategi semacam itu secara pasif menambah nilai pada portofolio klien dan terbukti sangat bermanfaat ketika pasar pulih. Dalam kasus apa pun, jika investor menahan investasinya pada jangka waktu yang dimaksudkan, mereka tidak akan punya alasan untuk takut akan volatilitas pasar.

Hasil

Dengan akun tunai akses instan, Anda dapat menarik uang setiap saat, dan itu umumnya dianggap sebagai investasi yang aman. Uang yang sama dimasukkan ke dalam sekuritas bunga tetap, saham atau properti cenderung naik dan turun nilainya tetapi meningkat lebih dalam jangka panjang, meskipun masing-masing cenderung tumbuh dengan jumlah yang berbeda.

Hasil adalah keuntungan yang Anda dapatkan dari investasi Anda.

Bergantung di mana Anda menyimpan uang Anda, uang dapat dibayar dengan beberapa cara berbeda:

Dividen (dari saham)
Sewa (dari properti)
Bunga (dari setoran tunai dan surat berharga dengan bunga tetap).
Selisih antara harga yang Anda bayar dan harga yang Anda jual – keuntungan atau kerugian modal.

Bagaimana biaya mengurangi hasil investasi

Mengelola investasi membutuhkan waktu dan uang dan penyedia layanan akan mengenakan biaya. Biaya ini dapat memakan pengembalian yang akan Anda terima dan itu sesuatu yang harus Anda tanyakan sebelum berinvestasi.

Lindungi diri Anda

Hindari tawaran investasi yang tidak diminta. Periksa dahulu sebelum berinvestasi. Jika Anda mempertimbangkan tawaran investasi, cari saran yang tidak memihak.

Penulis bukan konsultan keuangan, konsultan pajak, atau konsultan hukum. Artikel dan isinya hanya untuk tujuan informasi, pembaca tidak disarankan untuk menafsirkan informasi atau material lain apa pun sebagai saran hukum, perpajakan, investasi, finansial, atau saran lain. Semua informasi, data, strategi, laporan, artikel, dan semua fitur lain dari artikel ini disediakan untuk tujuan informasi dan edukasi semata dan tidak seharusnya dianggap atau ditafsirkan sebagai saran investasi personal untuk pembaca. Mungkin ada kesalahan pada artikel ini, dan pembaca sebaiknya tidak mengambil keputusan finansial atau investasi berdasarkan apa yang mereka baca dalam artikel dan tulisan ini saja. Merupakan tanggung jawab pembaca untuk melakukan uji tuntas mandiri dan pembaca harus mengambil keputusan sendiri. Pahamilah dan berhati-hatilah karena keputusan keuangan dan investasi mengandung risiko. Penulis tidak bertanggung jawab atas kerugian langsung maupun yang timbul akibat penggunaan tulisan, produk, layanan, situs, atau konten lain yang ditulis oleh penulis, termasuk konten artikel ini. Pembaca bertanggung jawab atas penelitian dan keputusan investasinya sendiri. Pembaca sebaiknya meminta saran penasihat keuangan yang berkualifikasi dan sepenuhnya memahami semua risiko sebelum berinvestasi atau mengambil keputusan finansial apa pun. Penulis tidak menjamin bahwa pembaca akan atau memperoleh hasil sebagaimana yang dikutip dalam artikel ini. Semua hasil rekomendasi penulis tidak didasarkan pada investasi aktual yang dilakukan sendiri oleh penulis dan didasarkan pada hipotesis, statistik, serta survei yang ada, yang memiliki batasan dan tidak mencerminkan semua komponen investasi sesungguhnya. Hasil nyata yang diterima pembaca mungkin berbeda-beda disebabkan berbagai faktor. Semua konten dan referensi sumber pihak ketiga disediakan semata-mata untuk kemudahan. Informasi ini mungkin tidak akurat, gunakan dengan penuh tanggung jawab. Dengan membaca artikel ini atau isinya, Anda setuju bahwa baik penulis maupun karyawannya, pemegang saham, direktur, kontraktor, afiliasi, agen, penyedia konten pihak ketiga, atau pemberi lisensi tidak akan bertanggung jawab atas segala bentuk klaim, tanggung jawab, biaya, kerusakan, atau kerugian, langsung, tidak langsung, maupun insidental akibat penggunaan bagian konten ini oleh pembaca. Termasuk, namun tidak terbatas pada, kerugian atau cedera yang semuanya atau sebagian disebabkan oleh kemungkinan di luar kendali kami.

So you've got some money to invest! Now, what are you going to do with it?

There are so many choices. Which ones are right for you? The key to successful investing is having an investment plan based upon your short-, intermediate-, and long-range goals. Then select suitable investments to meet those goals.

Some investments are better than others for generating income. Others are better for long-range growth. Some provide tax advantages. You might be interested in the short-term excitement of speculative investments. Or you may just feel comfortable with safe, secure investments that won't jack up your blood pressure.

The more you learn about the different types of investments, the better off you will be when it comes time to make investment choices for your portfolio.

Overview of Investment Options

Before you rush to your broker and start buying, you have some thinking and planning to do. To choose from the growing universe of investment choices, you have to decide what you want your investments to do for you.

Ask yourself some important questions before you invest.
Investments differ by their objectives, risk, potential returns, and volatilities.

Questions to ask yourself

Are you looking for investments that will pay you income on an ongoing basis? You might look to savings accounts, certificates, bonds, or bond mutual funds.

Do you want your investments to grow in value so that you can receive a large payout when you sell them at some future date? Stocks and growth mutual funds might be among your choices.

Ways investments differ

There are many different kinds of investments to choose from. Each kind of investment differs from the others in objectives, risks, and benefits. Some differ by how much they may be expected to earn. They also differ in relative volatility—how much their value changes compared to the market as a whole.

Investor returns may be in the form of interest, dividends, or capital gains. Interest and dividends are current income distributed by income-producing investments. Capital gains result from the sale of an investment for more money than you paid for it.

Words of advice

Check out an investment's features and how it is used in an investment plan before buying. Be sure to select investments that fit in with your goals, objectives, and risk tolerances.

Savings Accounts

Savings accounts are interest-paying investments made in banks, credit unions, and other depositories. (Credit unions, however, pay dividends, not interest, on savings accounts.)

Savings accounts are liked for their convenience and liquidity.
In many countries, deposits are insured up to a certain amount per depositor.

Savings accounts are convenient

For many people, they are a convenient way to store cash, because these investments are liquid—they can be taken out and spent immediately if necessary. As a result, savings accounts are best for sums one is likely to need within a short period of one to twelve months. Because they tend to pay low earnings rates, they are not recommended for use in long-term investing.

Many have deposit insurance

Interest is credited periodically. It is also compounded, which means the account pays interest on any interest already earned. How often it compounds varies according to the institution. The interest is taxed as ordinary income at your regular tax rate. In many countries, deposits are insured up to a certain amount per depositor.

Many charge penalties

Because of the high cost of running financial institutions, many of them will charge penalties on some kinds of savings accounts if you do not maintain a required minimum balance.

Savings accounts are a good place to keep cash that you need liquid for day-to-day needs, short-term goals, and an emergency fund.

Certificates

Certificates are time deposits issued by banks and credit unions.

You must leave your money on deposit for a certain amount of time.
Most certificates are insured.
Certificates are appropriate for investors who need low-risk investments with fixed maturity.

Certificates are short-term (usually one month to 60 months), and they pay interest at the end of the term (when they mature), or at various times throughout prior to the end of the term, depending on the structure of the certificate. They often pay a higher rate of interest than a savings account. Certificates that take longer to mature tend to pay higher interest rates. The minimum initial investment varies from bank to bank and from certificate to certificate.

How certificates work

When you deposit money into a certificate, you must leave it there for a specified term for a stated interest rate (although some certificates have variable rates). Credit unions pay dividends rather than interest. When you will receive your original investment and interest depends on the certificate. Some pay interest over the course of the term; others pay at maturity. With certificates, you know how much you will earn, and you know when the money will be available to you. Certificates are appropriate for investors who need low-risk investments with fixed maturity.

You may be charged a penalty if you withdraw your money from a certificate before maturity.

Certificates may carry insurance

Certificates issued by banks, credit unions, and some savings and loan associations in many countries are insured by special insurers for up to a certain amount per depositor.

Certificates sold by brokers

Brokerage firms also sell products called brokerage certificates. They look for brokerage certificates with competitive rates and offer them to their customers. You pay a fee for one bought from a broker. Interest on a brokerage certificate may not be insured and is not subject to a penalty for early withdrawal. However, the investor may suffer a loss if the brokerage certificate is sold prior to maturity.

Special types of certificates

There are many variations on certificates. For example:

Variable-rate certificates offer rates that change along with interest rates.
Add-on certificates allow the investor to add to them after they have been opened.
Discount certificates are sold to the investor for less than their face amount. Upon maturity, he or she receives the original face amount of the certificate.
Negotiable certificates come in $100,000 denominations and can be traded on the market like stock.

Certificates are an effective vehicle for short-term investments when you need an assurance that your principal (if held to maturity) and interest won't fluctuate.

Bonds

Bonds are loans made by investors to various bond issuers. Bonds are a form of debt security. They are IOUs issued by a corporation or government unit when you loan it money. In return for your money, the issuer owes you the amount shown on the face of the bond at maturity, plus interest to be paid periodically. Bonds range in maturity from one to fifty years, though some may have longer maturities.

Bonds are sold to raise money to finance operations and projects.
Bonds are popular among investors seeking current income and safety of principal.
Many bonds are tax-free on the state or federal level.

Why are bonds sold?

Bonds are sold to raise money to finance operations and projects. Government units that sell bonds include the federal government and its agencies, and municipal units such as state and city governments.

Bonds are appropriate for investors who want current income and need to protect the money they invest (called the principal). Bonds often pay higher interest than certificates and savings accounts. They pay the face amount (par) at maturity.

Bonds can be traded

Bonds also may be traded on exchanges. This gives you an opportunity to make capital gains if you sell them to other investors for more than you paid.

Bond income

Interest on bonds is taxed as ordinary income unless the bonds are tax-exempt. Interest on bonds issued by states and their subdivisions is generally free of federal income tax and also generally free of those states' income taxes, if any.

Who buys bonds?

Bonds can be a mainstay investment for those looking for current income because of the way in which they pay interest. They are also a complement to stock investments in a portfolio, as bond prices and stock prices generally do not move lockstep in the marketplace.

Bond risks

Bonds are subject to market and interest rate risk if sold prior to maturity. Bond values will decline as interest rates rise and are subject to availability and change in price.

Stocks

Stocks represent ownership in a corporation.

When corporations earn profits, stockholders may share in them.
Stocks are popular among short-term speculators and long-term investors.

How stocks work

Each stock is a share of ownership. The more shares you own, the greater your ownership.

When the corporation earns a profit, some of the profit may be passed on to you in the form of dividends. When a stock grows in value, you can sell it and make a profit (a capital gain).

Advantages of stocks

Over the long haul, stocks have outperformed every other type of investment. They have also kept ahead of inflation. This is because the returns on stocks are not fixed, as the returns of many other investments are.

Who buys stocks?

Stock investments are favored by short-term speculators and long-term investors. Short-term speculators try to take advantage of the short-term volatility of stock prices to "buy low" and "sell high." Long-term investors ignore the daily fluctuations to take advantage of the potentially higher long-term returns experienced in the stock market. Long-term investors may also enjoy dividends paid by successful companies in which they invest.

Risks of stocks

Stock investing involves risk, including loss of principal. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. The market for all securities is subject to fluctuation such that, upon sale, an investor may lose principal.

Mutual Funds

Mutual funds are among the most popular investments.

A mutual fund is a ready-made portfolio of stocks, bonds, or other securities.
Some mutual funds pay dividends from the earnings of their portfolios.
You can buy shares directly from a fund and sell them back to the fund.

Why mutual funds are popular

They are easy to buy and redeem. Because they own investments in many different companies, a mutual fund is a diversified portfolio of investments. A mutual fund is a pool of money from many investors that is invested into a portfolio of stocks, bonds, or other securities. It is a ready-made portfolio. Investors who do not have the time or inclination to create their own portfolios are attracted to this diversification. Mutual funds are oriented toward income, growth, or a combination of the two.

How they work

Income funds invest in income investments, such as bonds, preferred stock, and income-oriented common stocks. Growth funds invest in stocks and other growth investments.

Investors own shares of their mutual funds. The value of a share, called the net asset value (NAV), changes daily. The NAV is calculated from the value of the underlying securities held by the fund.

Mutual funds may pay you dividends from earnings of the portfolio. The portfolio may earn interest or dividends, or capital gains from the sale of portfolio securities. You can also earn capital gains when you sell shares that have risen in value.

How to buy and sell fund shares

In many instances, you can buy shares directly from a fund. Some investors prefer to buy shares through their brokers or financial advisors. Some investors like the convenience of an automatic investment plan that allows their fund to withdraw money from their bank or credit union accounts and invest it into the fund.

Open-ended mutual funds buy back (redeem) your shares when you want to sell them. Many funds allow you to redeem shares over the telephone. The fund's prospectus explains your options for selling your shares.

Financial newspapers and other publications advertise mutual funds and provide toll-free numbers for prospectuses.

The risks

Investing in mutual funds involves risk, including possible loss of principal. Investments in specialized industry sectors have additional risks, which are outlined in the prospectus.

Overview of 'Other Class' Investments

Stocks, bonds, and mutual funds are the investments that most people encounter. There are other, more sophisticated investments that are suitable only for investors who have appropriate knowledge, experience, and resources.

Some types of investments require appropriate knowledge, experience, and resources.
Other types of investments include futures and options, metals, currencies, and art.

Some of these investments, called derivatives, are variations of the basic investments.

Other types of investments

Some investors trade commodities and hard assets. For example:

Options are rights to buy or sell a stock or other security for a specified price within a specific period.
Futures are rights to buy or sell commodities (wheat, soybeans, pork bellies, etc.) or certain other investments for a specified price on a specific date.
Precious metals are hard assets that include gold, silver, and platinum. Their prices fluctuate daily.
Currencies are the monies of nations. Their values rise and fall against those of other currencies, and you can make profits by taking advantage of these differences.
Art, antiques, rare coins, and stamps are hard assets that require specialized knowledge that often takes years of study.

These investments require an in-depth knowledge of investment markets and the economy. Because their values rise and fall quickly, investing in them requires some skill at watching the market.

Summary of Investment Choices

There are many types of investments to choose from when building your portfolio. Each type of investment adds specific characteristics to your portfolio that will affect your investment outcome.

The mainstay investments are stocks and bonds. Cash and other class assets are used to round out a portfolio. A convenient way to invest in one or more types of investments is through mutual funds.

You choose investments because of their characteristics in order to achieve your investment goals. Investments for short-term or speculative goals are quite different from investments used for long-term growth, safety of principal, or tax advantages. It is important to understand the characteristics of many types of investments so you can add the right kinds to your portfolio. Successful investing is not accidental, it's planned.

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Choose investments that provide growth or current income, or a combination of both.

O que são investimentos?

Os investimentos são algo que compra ou no qual coloca o seu dinheiro para obter um retorno rentável. Existem quatro tipos principais de investimentos, conhecidos como "classes de ativos":

Ações ou títulos de participação: comprar uma participação numa empresa geralmente em troca de pagamentos regulares denominados de dividendos.
Dinheiro: poupanças que deposita normalmente numa conta de um banco ou de uma empresa de crédito imobiliário em troca do pagamento de juros regulares.
Propriedade: investir num imóvel, seja ele comercial ou residencial.
Títulos de rendimento fixo (também denominados obrigações): empresta o seu dinheiro a uma empresa ou governo em troca de uma taxa garantida no final do prazo acordado.

Existem também outros tipos de investimentos, incluindo:

Moeda estrangeira
Artigos colecionáveis como, por exemplo, obras de arte e antiguidades
Mercadorias como petróleo, café, milho, borracha ou ouro
Contratos diferenciais, nos quais aposta no valor de ganho ou perda de ações

Dinheiro

Guardar quantias em numerário e/ou investir em equivalentes a dinheiro como, por exemplo, depósitos a prazo, garante-lhe receitas estáveis, regulares e de baixo risco sob a forma de pagamento de juros. O dinheiro é considerado um ativo defensivo e geralmente é mantido por um curto período de tempo, excluindo quaisquer reservas de tesouraria para emergências.

Juros fixos

Os investimentos com juros fixos assumem muitas formas, incluindo obrigações governamentais ou corporativas, obrigações do tesouro, obrigações, fundos de investimento com juros fixos, letras de banco, etc. Os investimentos com juros fixos garantem-lhe o pagamento regular de juros com um prazo determinado. A taxa de juro e o nível de risco variam de acordo com o tipo de investimento com juros fixos. O juro fixo é considerado um ativo defensivo e tem um prazo de investimento entre um e três anos.

Participações (Ações)

Investir em participação garante-lhe a propriedade parcial de uma empresa e o direito a receber uma porção dos lucros, geralmente denominada de dividendos. Os retornos geralmente incluem um aumento (ou perda) no capital e receitas através dos dividendos. Investir em ações internacionais acrescenta o risco cambial. Uma vez que o valor das ações pode aumentar ou diminuir e é comunicado diariamente, são consideradas mais arriscadas do que o investimento em dinheiro ou com juros fixos. As ações são consideradas um ativo de crescimento e é recomendável que as mantenha durante, pelo menos, cinco a sete anos.

Imóveis

Pode investir em imóveis através da compra direta ou através de valores mobiliários e trusts de investimentos imobiliários, que são ações em investimentos imobiliários. Os sectores incluem comércio, retalho, hotelaria e propriedade industrial. Pode investir em imóveis nacionais e internacionais. Os imóveis são considerados um ativo de crescimento e é recomendável que os mantenha, pelo menos, cinco a sete anos.

Investimentos alternativos

As outras classes de ativos a ter em consideração são participações privadas, hedge funds, infraestruturas, mercados emergentes, ouro e outras mercadorias, materiais e agronegócios (investimentos agrícolas). Um investimento é geralmente considerado alternativo caso tenha um histórico de investimento relativamente limitado, características claramente diferenciadas das outras classes de ativos tradicionais, caso a sua gestão implique conhecimentos especializados e não façam tipicamente parte de portefólios de investimento comuns. Dependendo do ativo específico, os investimentos alternativos podem ser considerados um ativo de crescimento ou defensivo.

Os vários ativos que sejam propriedade de um investidor constituem um portefólio de investimento. Regra geral, distribuir o seu dinheiro entre diferentes tipos de classes de ativos ajuda a reduzir o risco de o seu portefólio ter um desempenho inferior: a isto chama-se diversificação.

A diversificação pode reduzir a volatilidade do seu portefólio (o aumento e a redução do valor). O objetivo é gerir os retornos do seu portefólio a médio e a longo prazo.

Outra técnica de investimento inteligente para gerir a volatilidade do mercado é quando os investidores utilizam uma estratégia de "média de custo do dólar" (em que investem montantes iguais nos respetivos portefólios numa base mensal) beneficiando assim de excelentes opções de compra que são apresentadas em períodos de volatilidade. Tais estratégias acrescentam valor de forma passiva aos portefólios dos clientes e têm-se revelado bastante benéficas quando os mercados recuperam. De qualquer forma, se os investidores retiverem os seus investimentos durante o prazo previsto não existe motivo para temerem a volatilidade do mercado.

Retorno

Com uma conta à ordem de acesso imediato pode levantar dinheiro sempre que quiser e este é geralmente considerado um investimento seguro. O mesmo dinheiro aplicado em títulos de rendimento fixo, ações ou imóveis poderá ver o seu valor aumentar ou diminuir, mas aumentar mais a longo prazo, embora seja provável que cada um aumente com valores diferentes.

O retorno são os lucros que obtém com os seus investimentos.

Dependendo de onde coloca o seu dinheiro, o retorno poderá ser pago de formas diferentes:

Dividendos (de ações)
Renda (de imóveis)
Juros (de depósitos à ordem e títulos de rendimento fixo).
A diferença entre o preço que paga e o preço pelo qual vende, ganhos ou perdas de capital.

De que forma as taxas reduzem os retornos do investimento

A gestão dos investimentos requer tempo e dinheiro e os prestadores de serviços cobram uma taxa. Este custo pode absorver os retornos que recebe e é algo sobre o qual se deve informar antes de investir.

Proteja-se

Evite propostas de investimento não solicitadas. Antes de investir, analise. Se estiver a considerar uma proposta de investimento, procure aconselhamento imparcial.

O conteúdo deste artigo não constitui um aconselhamento financeiro individual.

Overview of Investment Options

Questions to ask yourself

Ways investments differ

Words of advice

Savings Accounts

Savings accounts are convenient

Many have deposit insurance

Many charge penalties

Certificates

How certificates work

Certificates may carry insurance

Certificates sold by brokers

Special types of certificates

Bonds

Why are bonds sold?

Bonds can be traded

Bond income

Who buys bonds?

Bond risks

Stocks

How stocks work

Advantages of stocks

Who buys stocks?

Risks of stocks

Mutual Funds

Why mutual funds are popular

How they work

How to buy and sell fund shares

The risks

Overview of 'Other Class' Investments

Other types of investments

Summary of Investment Choices

Practical Ideas I Can Start with Today

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